{"success":true,"result":{"resource_id":"d_770b024d6771a978f69037b6203fdcfa","fields":[{"type":"text","id":"identifier_uri"},{"type":"text","id":"identifier_uuid"},{"type":"text","id":"title"},{"type":"text","id":"alternative"},{"type":"text","id":"creator"},{"type":"text","id":"creator_people"},{"type":"text","id":"creator_people_cn"},{"type":"text","id":"creator_orgs"},{"type":"text","id":"creator_orgs_cn"},{"type":"text","id":"creator_lcna"},{"type":"text","id":"contributor"},{"type":"text","id":"contributor_people"},{"type":"text","id":"contributor_people_cn"},{"type":"text","id":"contributor_orgs"},{"type":"text","id":"contributor_orgs_cn"},{"type":"text","id":"contributor_lcna"},{"type":"text","id":"digital_publisher"},{"type":"text","id":"original_publisher"},{"type":"text","id":"date_created"},{"type":"text","id":"has_part_uuid"},{"type":"text","id":"description"},{"type":"text","id":"abstract"},{"type":"text","id":"table_of_contents"},{"type":"text","id":"subject_lcsh"},{"type":"text","id":"subject_singheritage"},{"type":"text","id":"language"},{"type":"text","id":"ispartof_collection"},{"type":"text","id":"nlb_type"},{"type":"text","id":"rights"},{"type":"text","id":"access_rights"},{"type":"int4","id":"_id"}],"records":[{"_id":1,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=0184286b-232a-4a89-9db0-5ad0982d7c25","identifier_uuid":"0184286b-232a-4a89-9db0-5ad0982d7c25","title":"Flame of the Forest","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Nor-Afidah Abd Rahman","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"11/3/2004","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"Flame of the Forest (scientific name Delonix regia), introduced into Singapore during the first half of the 19th century, belongs to the bean family Fabaceae and subfamily Caesalpinioideae. It is planted as a shade tree in parks and open spaces due to its broadly-spreading crown, and is an ornamental species recognised for its exuberant scarlet flowers.","table_of_contents":"[Flame of the Forest] -- Origin and distribution -- Description -- Usage -- Variant names -- References.","subject_lcsh":"Trees--Singapore|Royal poinciana--Singapore|Delonix--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Plants {18336144}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":2,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=036310ef-ab08-4555-8c49-5b6358d790eb","identifier_uuid":"036310ef-ab08-4555-8c49-5b6358d790eb","title":"Pak Choi","alternative":"Chinese celery cabbage, Chinese white cabbage, mustard cabbage","creator":"Tan, Bonny","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Tan, Bonny","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"27/10/1999 0:00","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"Pak choi (Brasica rapa var chinensis) is a leafy vegetable that originated from south China. It is appreciated for its versatility as the whole plant is edible and can be cooked in many ways.","table_of_contents":"[Pak Choi] -- Origins -- Description -- Uses -- Variant names -- References.","subject_lcsh":"Bok choy|Vegetables, Chinese|Cooking (Vegetables)|Cooking, Chinese","subject_singheritage":"Plants {18336144}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia {10126}","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":3,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=04f39d4a-99cd-43f1-bfc3-afa3b24edd96","identifier_uuid":"04f39d4a-99cd-43f1-bfc3-afa3b24edd96","title":"Public Utilities Board","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"NA","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"4/3/2020","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"PUB, Singapore’s national water agency, formerly known as the Public Utilities Board (PUB), is a statutory board under the Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources (MEWR). Its mission is to ensure an efficient, adequate and sustainable supply of water in Singapore. Besides being responsible for the collection, production, distribution and reclamation of water, it seeks to ensure that Singapore’s water consumption is sustainable in the long run.","table_of_contents":"[Public Utilities Board] -- Background -- Centralised utilities provider (1963–95) -- Water authority and regulator of electricity and gas industries (1995–2001) -- Singapore’s national water agency (from 2001) -- References -- Further resources","subject_lcsh":"Singapore. Public Utilities Board|Water-supply--Singapore|Water-supply--Singapore--History","subject_singheritage":"Domestic policy (Water Resource Management) {18336186}|Government agencies {18336197}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"All rights reserved. National Library Board Singapore, 2020","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":4,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=053ac148-c51c-425c-a960-46cc253b5349","identifier_uuid":"053ac148-c51c-425c-a960-46cc253b5349","title":"Buah keluak","alternative":"NA","creator":"Tan, Bonny|Chua, Alvin","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"NA","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"16/12/2014","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"The buah keluak (Pangium edule) tree is indigenous to Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore, and is known as kepayang and kluwek in the first two countries respectively. The seeds of the buah keluak fruit are used in Malay, Indonesian and Peranakan (Straits Chinese) cooking, after various processes of underground fermentation, soaking and cooking to leach the seeds of poisonous hydrocyanic acid.","table_of_contents":"[Buah keluak] -- Description -- Preparation of buah keluak as food -- Other uses -- Variant names -- References","subject_lcsh":"NA","subject_singheritage":"Nature and Environment {18486470}|Plants {18336144}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":5,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=05837c59-e669-4f77-94e9-1ac5b2da13e1","identifier_uuid":"05837c59-e669-4f77-94e9-1ac5b2da13e1","title":"Jackfruit","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Tan, Bonny","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"27/4/1999","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"Said to be the largest fruit in the world, the jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) is an indigenous fruit tree of South India which is popular in the Southeast Asian region. The jackfruit’s appearance is similar to that of the cempedak, a fruit that also belongs to the Moraceae family. The jackfruit tree has a variety of uses.","table_of_contents":"[Jackfruit] -- Description -- Usage and potential -- Variant names -- References.","subject_lcsh":"Artocarpus--Southeast Asia|Tropical fruit--Southeast Asia","subject_singheritage":"Plants {18336144}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":6,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=0c96eac2-2c65-4d1b-81b2-bf49eb626175","identifier_uuid":"0c96eac2-2c65-4d1b-81b2-bf49eb626175","title":"Bukit Timah Nature Reserve","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Editor:Lim, Fiona","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"20/11/2015","has_part_uuid":"ba472531-cdee-44e3-8c66-31ff0ecc47f0","description":"NA","abstract":"Bukit Timah Nature Reserve encompasses the slopes and summit of Singapore’s highest hill, Bukit Timah, which is 162.5 m above sea level. The 163-hectare nature reserve, which is protected under the Parks and Trees Act 2005, contains the largest primary forest in Singapore. Forty percent of the local flora and fauna can be found in the reserve. It was officially declared an ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) Heritage Park on 18 October 2011.","table_of_contents":"[Bukit Timah Nature Reserve] -- Origin of name -- Establishment of the nature reserve -- Economic versus ecological value -- Construction of infrastructure -- Flora and fauna -- References -- Further resources.","subject_lcsh":"National parks and reserves--Singapore--Bukit Timah","subject_singheritage":"Nature and Environment {18486470}|Nature Reserves {18487335}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":7,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=0d053f59-d9c1-4619-8a29-fc8bcb959d67","identifier_uuid":"0d053f59-d9c1-4619-8a29-fc8bcb959d67","title":"Ginger","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"NA","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"NA","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"25/10/2022","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"The ginger order Zingiberales has nearly 3,000 species under its eight related plant families: ginger (Zingiberaceae), canna (Cannaceae), spiral ginger (Costaceae), heliconias (Heliconiaceae), orchidanthas (Lowiaceae), prayer plant (Marantaceae), bananas (Musaceae) and bird-of-paradise (Strelitziaceae). Ginger plants flourish in the equatorial zone and may also survive up to altitudes of over 5,000 m.  It is used in cooking, medicine and beauty products.","table_of_contents":"[Ginger] -- Records and studies -- Important spice crops -- Ginger Garden -- Author -- References","subject_lcsh":"Ginger--Therapeutic use|Ginger--Miscellanea|Naturopathy","subject_singheritage":"Nature and Environment {18486470}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"All Rights Reserved. National Library Board Singapore 2021.","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":8,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=1473095b-ceb1-460e-9f12-d4b8357743be","identifier_uuid":"1473095b-ceb1-460e-9f12-d4b8357743be","title":"Punggol Zoo","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Editor:Han, Jamie|Editor:Lim, Fiona","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"14/3/2016","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"Punggol Zoo was Singapore’s first full-size public zoo and bird park, and the first to be known as the Singapore Zoo. It was established in 1928 by William Lawrence Soma Basapa (b. 1893–d. 1943) on Punggol Road to accommodate his growing private collection of animals and birds. During the pre-war period, the zoo was a major attraction that was frequented by both locals and foreigners. The zoo was forcibly closed down by the British authorities in 1942 in anticipation of the Japanese invasion of Singapore. Following the end of the Japanese Occupation (1942–45), the zoo’s compound was used as a storage area for Japanese munitions. The land was eventually sold to a private investor in 1948.","table_of_contents":"[Punggol Zoo] -- Beginnings and early years -- Development -- Description -- Donations to the Raffles Museum -- Closure -- References -- Further resources.","subject_lcsh":"Zoos--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Streets and Places {18336099}|Nature and Environment {18486470}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":9,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=15128515-2d3e-4ce0-b284-2740fa75a524","identifier_uuid":"15128515-2d3e-4ce0-b284-2740fa75a524","title":"Black-naped tern","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Chew, Valerie","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"8/2/2006 0:00","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"The black-naped tern (Sterna sumatrana) is a slender white bird found in rocky islets near the Singapore coast. It was one of the bird species identified and named by Sir Stamford Raffles in 1822. Its species name, sumatrana, describes where Raffles collected the specimen during his naturalist voyages – the island of Sumatra. The bird was featured on the S$1 “Bird Series” currency notes issued by the Monetary Authority of Singapore between 1976 and 1984. It also appeared on 15-cent definitive postage stamps placed on sale on 9 November 1966. In 2001, the black-naped tern made another appearance on CashCards issued by the Singapore Mint to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the currency notes.","table_of_contents":"[Black-naped tern] -- Description -- Reproduction -- Diet -- Distribution and habitat -- Conservation -- Variant names -- References -- Further resources","subject_lcsh":"Sterna--Singapore|Birds in numismatics|Birds on postage stamps","subject_singheritage":"Wildlife {18486471}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia {10126}|NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":10,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=18cbc690-7a46-457e-89fe-62585acc5889","identifier_uuid":"18cbc690-7a46-457e-89fe-62585acc5889","title":"Runaway elephants","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Tan, Bonny","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"30/3/2004","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"For about a week in early June 1990, Singaporeans were captivated by media reports of runaway elephants on Pulau Tekong. This was reportedly the first time in recent history that elephants had swum across the Johor Straits to Tekong, an island used by the Singapore Armed Forces for military training. The wild Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) were first sighted by national servicemen on 29 May 1990. With the collaboration and co-operation of the Singapore and Malaysian governments, the Singapore Zoo, Malaysian wildlife authorities and Tekong army personnel, the bull elephants were captured about a week later on 7 June 1990.","table_of_contents":"[Runaway elephants] -- Description -- Timeline -- References.","subject_lcsh":"Captive elephants--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Events {18455339}|Wildlife {18486471}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":11,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=19f989c8-6334-4912-ae59-0c464ad557c9","identifier_uuid":"19f989c8-6334-4912-ae59-0c464ad557c9","title":"Mango","alternative":"NA","creator":"Dass, Annalisa","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Tan, Bonny","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"3/5/1999","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"The cultivated mango (Mangifera indica Linn.) originated in the Indo-Burma region, and it has been grown in India for the last 6,000 years. It is an important commercial crop not only in India, but also in Southeast Asian countries such as the Philippines, Thailand, Burma, Indonesia and Malaysia, as well as Sri Lanka. The mango is a common dessert fruit in Asia. Dozens of varieties exist, with Thailand’s Tong Dum being one of the more popular kinds. The mango is the national fruit of India, Pakistan and the Philippines, and the national tree of Bangladesh. The tree plays an important role in rituals and religious ceremonies in South and Southeast Asia, while mango leaves are used to decorate homes during weddings and celebrations.","table_of_contents":"[Mango] -- Overview -- Description -- Usage and potential -- Variant names -- References.","subject_lcsh":"Mango--Southeast Asia|Tropical fruit--Southeast Asia","subject_singheritage":"Plants {18336144}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":12,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=1e449a74-8640-4a47-8c99-c8ca1981df40","identifier_uuid":"1e449a74-8640-4a47-8c99-c8ca1981df40","title":"Singapore Zoo","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"NA","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"26/7/2014","has_part_uuid":"9ea9ccc5-fa3f-4e21-8bfa-467990ea5430","description":"NA","abstract":"The Singapore Zoo (formerly known as the Singapore Zoological Gardens) was opened in 1973 with a modest collection of about 300 animals from some 70 species. Situated on the promontory of the Seletar Reservoir, the zoo adopts an “open concept” in which the animals are housed in open enclosures landscaped to resemble their natural habitats. The zoo currently receives over 1.7 million visitors each year, and is now home to over 2,800 animals representing more than 300 species, of which 26 percent are threatened. The zoo has scored a number of successes in the breeding of critically endangered species and has, over time, established itself as one of the best rainforest zoos in the world.","table_of_contents":"[Singapore Zoo] -- Background -- Official opening -- Developments -- Animal attractions and theme-based zones -- Wildlife conservation and research -- Education and outreach -- A world-class zoo and premier tourist attraction -- Address -- Unofficial name -- Timeline -- Awards and accolades -- References.","subject_lcsh":"Zoos--Singapore|Singapore Zoo","subject_singheritage":"Streets and Places {18336099}|Nature and Environment {18486470}|Places of interest {18455236}|Wildlife {18486471}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia {10126}","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":13,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=21837345-389f-4856-a82d-a5415c7bb55b","identifier_uuid":"21837345-389f-4856-a82d-a5415c7bb55b","title":"Clean-up of Singapore River and Kallang Basin","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Author:Centre for Liveable Cities, Singapore|Author:Centre for Liveable Cities, Singapore","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"Author:Centre for Liveable Cities, Singapore","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"21/5/2019","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"The clean-up of Singapore River and Kallang Basin took place largely between 1977 and 1987. Besides the physical cleaning of the heavily polluted rivers, the massive exercise also involved the removal of various sources of pollution, the provision of proper sewage infrastructure and new facilities for resettled residents and businesses, and the implementation of anti-pollution measures to minimise future pollution.","table_of_contents":"[Clean-up of Singapore River and Kallang Basin] -- Background -- Early clean-up efforts -- The 10-year target -- The clean-up operation -- Completion of the clean-up -- References -- Further resources","subject_lcsh":"Water--Pollution--Singapore--Singapore River|Water--Pollution--Singapore--Kallang Basin|Water--Pollution--Government policy--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Nature and Environment {18486470}|Environmental policy {18336488}|Rivers {18336509}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":14,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=2a03daf2-006e-4412-957b-c800505dc129","identifier_uuid":"2a03daf2-006e-4412-957b-c800505dc129","title":"Chek Jawa","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"NA","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"16/10/2014","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"Chek Jawa is an intertidal flat located at the remote easternmost tip of Pulau Ubin, one of Singapore’s offshore islands. Although only about a square kilometre in size, Chek Jawa comrpises six distinct ecological habitats, each supporting a unique ecosystem of wildlife. In 2002, reclamation of the area was slated to start, but was deferred following a strong campaign mounted by nature lovers and conservationists.","table_of_contents":"[Chek Jawa] -- Ecology and biodiversity -- Discovery of Chek Jawa -- Reclamation controversy -- Deferment of reclamation -- Regulating visitors --Suspension of tours and reopening --Recent developments -- References -- Further resources.","subject_lcsh":"Chek Jawa (Singapore)|Capes (Coasts)--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Nature and Environment {18486470}|Nature conservation {18336476}|Streets and Places {18336099}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":15,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=2b760d0a-a015-43a2-86ed-28b435822006","identifier_uuid":"2b760d0a-a015-43a2-86ed-28b435822006","title":"Mangrove","alternative":"NA","creator":"Nureza Ahmad","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Nor-Afidah Abd Rahman","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"11/3/2004","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"Mangroves are a group of shrub and tree species that live along shores, rivers and estuaries in the tropics and subtropics. Mangroves are resilient. They are able to withstand the brunt of flooding, ocean-borne storms and hurricanes. They also have the ability to survive in conditions ranging from muddy soil to coral rock, as well as in water up to 100 times saltier than what most other plants can tolerate.","table_of_contents":"[Mangrove] -- Background -- Biology -- The mangrove ecosystem -- Economic value -- Conservation efforts -- References.","subject_lcsh":"Mangrove plants--Singapore|Mangrove swamps--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Plants {18336144}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":16,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=3018287e-5646-4a13-bf02-20bd461e76cf","identifier_uuid":"3018287e-5646-4a13-bf02-20bd461e76cf","title":"Henry Nicholas Ridley","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"Cornelius, Vernon {18486743}","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Pak, Peter Yew Guan","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"29/3/2001","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"Henry Nicholas Ridley (CMG) (FRS) (b. 10 December 1855, West Harling, Norfolk, England–d. 24 October 1956, Kew, Surrey, England) is the first director of the Singapore Botanic Gardens from 1888 to 1912. Ridley is also known as the “father of the rubber industry”, and inventor of the “herring-bone” rubber-tapping technique to tap the rubber trees for latex at regular intervals without harming them. Ridley retired from Singapore and spent the rest of his life back in England. He died on 24 October 1956 just a few months before his 101st birthday.","table_of_contents":"[Henry Nicholas Ridley] -- Early life -- Education -- Early work: Britain -- Singapore -- \"Father of the rubber industry \"in Malaya -- Retirement -- Achievements -- Publications -- Ridley's centenary -- Death -- References.","subject_lcsh":"Botanical garden directors--Singapore|Botanic Gardens (Singapore)|Rubber industry and trade--Malaysia--Malaya--History|Ridley, H. N. (Henry Nicholas), 1855-1956","subject_singheritage":"Personalities {18336114}|Nature and Environment {18486470}|Colonial administrators {18336119}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia {10126}","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":17,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=31a00307-ba27-4490-a422-7d598399b226","identifier_uuid":"31a00307-ba27-4490-a422-7d598399b226","title":"Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum","alternative":"NA","creator":"Chua, Alvin","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Tan, Joanna Hwang Soo","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"6/7/2010","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"Located at the National University of Singapore (NUS), the Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum (LKCNHM) was formerly known as Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research (RMBR). Serving as a biodiversity museum, it houses the Zoological Reference Collection – which was known originally as the Raffles Collection, and the collection of the NUS Herbarium. The museum is open to the public and researchers.","table_of_contents":"[Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum] -- Background -- Post-war developments -- Removal from the National Museum -- In cold storage -- Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research -- Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum -- Collections -- Research -- Public gallery and education -- Toddycats! programme -- References.","subject_lcsh":"Zoological museums--Singapore|Natural history museums--Singapore|Biodiversity--Southeast Asia--Research|Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum","subject_singheritage":"Organisations {18455234}|Wildlife {18486471}|Plants {18336144}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia {10126}","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":18,"identifier_uri":"https://biblioasia.nlb.gov.sg/vol-18/issue-1/apr-to-jun-2022/singapore-orchid-diplomacy","identifier_uuid":"348e9b3b-01be-43c9-a865-2c255fccde0c","title":"Flower power: Singapore’s orchid diplomacy","alternative":"NA","creator":"Rebecca Tan","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"NA","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"NA","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"NA","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"Singapore’s diplomatic efforts may take several forms, including naming orchid hybrids after foreign dignitaries. Rebecca Tan tells us more.","table_of_contents":"NA","subject_lcsh":"Orchid culture--Singapore|Cultural diplomacy--Singapore|Singapore--Foreign relations","subject_singheritage":"International relations {18486588}|Plants {18336144}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Index to Singapore Information {16145204}|NLB Collections>>Publications>>BiblioAsia {16180172}","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"NA"},{"_id":19,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=3536d59e-7b8e-4712-b43d-a7119d0a7431","identifier_uuid":"3536d59e-7b8e-4712-b43d-a7119d0a7431","title":"Starfruit","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Tan, Bonny","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"3/2/1999","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"Starfruit (Averrhoa carambola), or Carambola, is a tropical fruit native to the Malayan archipelago and belongs to the family Oxalidaceae. With its sweet-sour taste, the starfruit is a popular fruit in Singapore, most often eaten raw. The starfruit displays a star shape when cut, thus its popular name.","table_of_contents":"[Starfruit] -- Origins and distribution -- Description -- Usage and potential -- Variant names -- References.","subject_lcsh":"Tropical fruit--Southeast Asia|Carambola--Southeast Asia","subject_singheritage":"Plants {18336144}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":20,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=385bbadd-2c16-47e4-ba0d-a59411893d37","identifier_uuid":"385bbadd-2c16-47e4-ba0d-a59411893d37","title":"Bidadari Cemetery","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"NA","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"15/7/2015","has_part_uuid":"2d803d94-a321-4973-81c7-debebae4f4b7","description":"NA","abstract":"Bidadari Cemetery was located at the base of Mount Vernon and bounded by Bartley Road and Upper Serangoon Road. It served the Christian, Muslim, Hindu and Sinhalese communities. Bidadari was the main Christian cemetery of Singapore from its official opening in 1908 until its closure in 1972. Exhumation took place between 2001 and 2006 to make way for housing developments and public works. Subsequently, a memorial park was created at Mount Vernon to conserve the tombstones of prominent persons who had been interred at Bidadari.","table_of_contents":"[Bidadari Cemetery] -- History -- Layout -- Burials -- Exhumation and redevelopment -- Memorial -- References -- Further resources.","subject_lcsh":"Cemeteries--Singapore|Historic sites--Singapore|Hospitals--Singapore|Singapore--History--1867-1942","subject_singheritage":"Streets and Places {18336099}|Heritage and Culture {18336130}|Nature and Environment {18486470}|Historic buildings {18336510}|Religious buildings {18337109}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":21,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=39e25717-5636-404f-82f5-13fcab44af4d","identifier_uuid":"39e25717-5636-404f-82f5-13fcab44af4d","title":"Marine Fisheries Research Department","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Tan, Bonny","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"8/8/2002","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"First mooted by the Director of Fisheries in 1950, the Marine Fisheries Research Department (MFRD) was established in 1969. It was located at Changi Fisheries Complex at Changi Point before moving to Lim Chu Kang Agri-Bio Park in 1999. It is currently situated in the Marine Aquaculture Centre on St John’s Island.","table_of_contents":"[Marine Fisheries Research Department] -- Selected publications -- References -- Further resources.","subject_lcsh":"Marine resources--Government policy|Fisheries--Singapore|Fishery processing--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Wildlife {18486471}|Politics and Government {18336134}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia {10126}","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":22,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=3b1b8159-06f8-402c-ad3f-ded31becac39","identifier_uuid":"3b1b8159-06f8-402c-ad3f-ded31becac39","title":"Mandarin orange","alternative":"NA","creator":"Thulaja, Naidu Ratnala","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Nor-Afidah Abd Rahman","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"3/2/1999","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"The Mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata) is a tropical and sub-tropical tree belonging to the family Rutaceae. Associated with good fortune by the Chinese, it is a features prominently in local Chinese New Year celebrations. The fruit is high in Vitamin C and its juice is a popular drink.","table_of_contents":"[Mandarin Orange] -- Origin and distribution -- Description -- Usage and potential -- Variant Names -- References.","subject_lcsh":"Mandarin orange|Citrus fruits|Chinese--Social life and customs|Chinese New Year","subject_singheritage":"Ethnic foods {18336133}|Plants {18336144}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":23,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=3bb857f0-7a09-48f8-8fe8-5bc420e9332d","identifier_uuid":"3bb857f0-7a09-48f8-8fe8-5bc420e9332d","title":"Pulau Brani","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Tan, Bonny","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"2/2/2000","has_part_uuid":"703394ea-5f48-4b79-b79e-be830be09ece","description":"NA","abstract":"Pulau Brani, which means “isle of the brave” in Malay, is an island situated at the south of Singapore’s Central Region. It was once home to the Orang Laut. For a while, the island had a brick kiln, a coal depot, a tin smelting plant and a ship-repairing dock. For many years, it was also a British naval base and later a facility of the Republic of Singapore Navy.","table_of_contents":"[Pulau Brani] -- Early developments -- World War II and after -- Recent developments -- Variant names -- References.","subject_lcsh":"Islands--Singapore|Urbanization--Singapore|Brani Island (Singapore)","subject_singheritage":"Streets and Places {18336099}|Geography and Travels {18486573}|Nature and Environment {18486470}|Singapore offshore islands {18486578}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia {10126}","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":24,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=3c7cf415-79a6-490d-9895-9de5549dd9d6","identifier_uuid":"3c7cf415-79a6-490d-9895-9de5549dd9d6","title":"National Orchid Garden","alternative":"NA","creator":"Nureza Ahmad","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Tan, Joanna Hwang Soo","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"14/2/2011","has_part_uuid":"36f6ffa3-c793-49c9-9e40-5397b472894e","description":"NA","abstract":"The National Orchid Garden (NOG) is located in the Central Core of the Singapore Botanic Gardens at 1 Cluny Road. Officially opened on 20 October 1995 by Senior Minister Lee Kuan Yew, it has one of the largest and most comprehensive orchid displays in Asia. Its attractions include colour-themed orchid displays, a cool house simulating a tropical montane environment, a bromeliad collection, and a specially created hybrids collection named after visiting Heads of State, dignitaries, VIPs, organisations and occasions.","table_of_contents":"[National Orchid Garden] -- History -- Description -- References -- Further resources.","subject_lcsh":"Orchid culture--Singapore|Botanical gardens--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Plants {18336144}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"All Rights Reserved. National Library Board Singapore 2011.","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":25,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=472a572a-d8df-4723-859f-4a2c98de7be0","identifier_uuid":"472a572a-d8df-4723-859f-4a2c98de7be0","title":"Olive-backed Sunbird","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Chew, Valerie","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"7/2/2006","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"The olive-backed sunbird (Cinnyris jugularis) is one of Singapore’s resident birds. In 2002, it was one of five birds shortlisted by the Nature Society (Singapore) in an unofficial campaign to select Singapore’s national bird. The olive-backed sunbird is featured in the Bird Series S$20 currency notes released by the Monetary Authority of Singapore between 1976 and 1984, as well as in the Bird Series Cashcards launched by Singapore Mint in 2001 to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the currency notes. It also appears on the S$2 stamp of the 1962 postage stamp series which depicts local flora and fauna.","table_of_contents":"[Olive-backed Sunbird] -- Description -- Reproduction -- Diet -- Distribution and habitat -- Variant names -- References -- Further resources","subject_lcsh":"Sunbirds--Singapore|Birds in numismatics|Birds on postage stamps","subject_singheritage":"Wildlife {18486471}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia {10126}|NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":26,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=5678d5d4-fa7d-4d84-a35e-7d99ea4e26e4","identifier_uuid":"5678d5d4-fa7d-4d84-a35e-7d99ea4e26e4","title":"Gutta percha","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Nor-Afidah Abd Rahman","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"23/9/2003","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"Gutta percha is a gum resin obtained from trees of the Sapotaceae family. It is a natural plastic that is pliable in hot water, but inelastic in ordinary conditions. Once prized for electrical insulation and almost as ubiquitous as its close cousin rubber, gutta percha was once widely used for domestic, medical and industrial purposes, particularly for submarine electric telegraph cables in the mid-19th century. It subsequently became a largely forgotten commodity as a result of modern substitutes such as plastic and similar synthetics.","table_of_contents":"[Gutta percha] -- Origins and distribution -- Description -- Usage --\r\n References.","subject_lcsh":"Gutta-percha--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Plants {18336144}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":27,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=5686d939-61e9-4fb0-9e58-c38b635d97e4","identifier_uuid":"5686d939-61e9-4fb0-9e58-c38b635d97e4","title":"Gardens by the Bay","alternative":"NA","creator":"Chua, Alvin","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"NA","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"25/6/2012","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"Gardens by the Bay comprises three public gardens in Marina Bay occupying a total land area of 1,010,000 sq m (101 ha). Built on reclaimed land, the three gardens – Bay South, Bay East and Bay Central – started out as projects of the National Parks Board (NParks). They have since grown to become part of an independently managed organisation. Housed within the Gardens are cooled conservatories, individual themed gardens, event and dining spaces, connecting waterways, lakes, aerial bridges and the showpiece Supertrees. The latter are structures up to 50 m in height, covered by plants. Bay South, the largest garden, officially opened on 29 June 2012.","table_of_contents":"[Gardens by the Bay] -- Background -- Design, process, construction and development -- Bay South -- Satay by the Bay -- Programmes and events -- Timeline -- References.","subject_lcsh":"Gardens--Singapore|Parks--Singapore|Gardens by the Bay (Singapore)","subject_singheritage":"Parks and gardens {18336508}|Plants {18336144}|Streets and Places {18336099}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia {10126}","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":28,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=57a854df-8684-456b-893a-a303e0041891","identifier_uuid":"57a854df-8684-456b-893a-a303e0041891","title":"Chewing gum is banned","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"NA","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"NA","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"NA","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"Chewing gum is banned in Singapore under the Regulation of Imports and Exports (Chewing Gum) Regulations.[1] The ban, which includes all gum substances of vegetable or synthetic origin such as bubble gum and dental chewing gum, carries a hefty fine","abstract":"NA","table_of_contents":"NA","subject_lcsh":"NA","subject_singheritage":"Politics and Government {18336134}|Nature and Environment {18486470}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>HistorySG {18547869}","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"All Rights Reserved. National Library Board Singapore 2011.","access_rights":"The information in this article is valid as at 2011 and correct as far as we are able to ascertain from our sources. It is not intended to be an exhaustive or complete history of the subject. Please contact the Library for further reading materials on the topic."},{"_id":29,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=58e5b557-be49-4256-a5d1-c1728a10c6bf","identifier_uuid":"58e5b557-be49-4256-a5d1-c1728a10c6bf","title":"Pomelo","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Tan, Bonny","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"3/12/2003","has_part_uuid":"e9436929-d120-420e-b979-4c90d802ce92","description":"NA","abstract":"The pomelo (Citrus maxima or Citrus grandis) is the largest citrus fruit from the Rutaceae family. It is also known as shaddock, so-named after a Captain Shaddock who was said to have brought seeds of the fruit from the Malay Archipelago to the West Indies on an East India Company ship in the 17th century. The word “pomelo” may have come from a word of unknown origin “pampelmoose”, or from the Dutch pompelmoes, meaning grapefruit. In Southeast Asia, it is commonly known as limau besar, limau betawi, or limau serdadu in Malay; jeruk bali in Bahasa Indonesia; sam-o in Thai; lukban in Tagalog; and bu’o’i in Vietnamese. The popular fruit is used in many Chinese festive celebrations throughout Southeast Asia.","table_of_contents":"[Pomelo] -- Origins and distribution -- Description -- Usage and potential -- Variant names -- References.","subject_lcsh":"Pummelo|Fruit--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Plants {18336144}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":30,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=58f5f860-ace3-4819-82c5-be7d2477855f","identifier_uuid":"58f5f860-ace3-4819-82c5-be7d2477855f","title":"Hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis)","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Tan, Bonny","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"10/2/2003","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"The common hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) is an evergreen shrub belonging to the cotton family Malvaceae which comprises about 300 species.","table_of_contents":"[Hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis)] -- Origins and distribution -- Description -- Uses and potential -- Variant names -- References -- Further resource.","subject_lcsh":"Hibiscus--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Plants {18336144}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":31,"identifier_uri":"NA","identifier_uuid":"59fd108d-4c00-4b47-a059-d168c04a40ef","title":"Eyes on nature : the glorious periods of picturing natural history","alternative":"NA","creator":"Pek, Sara Leng Leng","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"NA","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"7/4/2008","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"Article published in BiblioAsia, v. 4, issue 1 (Apr. 2008), p. 17-25.","abstract":"The wonder and beauty of nature has been richly documented for thousands of years by various communities. This article describes the cave paintings of early cultures, Egyptian drawings on buildings, sculptures, papyri, coffins and burial tombs which revealed the rich tapestry of Egyptians’ relationship with nature and their beliefs, such as “life after death”, the ancient Greek, famous for their vases, humans sculptures and architecture, Chinese arts which are greatly influenced by nature, painting of birds, animals, flowers, and landscapes, European natural history illustration where artists created images of plants and animals for documentation and study. Some famous names are Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), an artist, scientist, engineer and inventor and Maria Sibylla Merian (1647-1717), the greatest painter-naturalists of her time who created beautiful visual images of flowers and insects and her observations revolutionised the science of animals and plants. In India, the hybrid of Indian and European styles and painting techniques came to be known as the “Company Painting”. The East India Company has one of the largest natural history drawings which records the rich culture, resources, flora and fauna and environment of the east.","table_of_contents":"Painting on cave walls -- Tomb murals and Greek pottery -- Chinese animal motif and the Mughal painting -- Artists as scientists from early modern Europe -- Fusion of western and eastern natural history painting -- Early naturalists in the Malay Peninsula -- Uses of art in the service of science -- Conclusion -- References -- Further reading.","subject_lcsh":"Painting|Natural history--Pictorial works","subject_singheritage":"Painting {18337308}|Sculpture {18337309}|Nature and Environment {18486470}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Publications>>BiblioAsia {16180172}|NLB Collections>>Index to Singapore Information {16145204}","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"All Rights Reserved. National Library Board Singapore 2008.","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":32,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=5caad88a-d2d4-4290-a709-5357a32ea130","identifier_uuid":"5caad88a-d2d4-4290-a709-5357a32ea130","title":"Singapura cat","alternative":"NA","creator":"Dass, Annalisa","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Tan, Bonny","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"23/4/1999","has_part_uuid":"ac5d5c12-51ea-4c36-aad9-f9a1e4b3332d","description":"NA","abstract":"The Singapura cat a.k.a. Kucinta (Kuchinta) is regarded as Singapore's Tourism Board's mascot, although claims of it having originated from Singapore remain questionable. The Cat Fanciers Association in the US gave the Singapura cat pedigree status in 1988.","table_of_contents":"NA","subject_lcsh":"Cats--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Wildlife {18486471}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"All Rights Reserved. National Library Board Singapore 2004.","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":33,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=5ce1d918-578e-474e-ae16-57eed0a12f9d","identifier_uuid":"5ce1d918-578e-474e-ae16-57eed0a12f9d","title":"Cat Welfare Society","alternative":"NA","creator":"Teng, Sharon|Lim, Fiona","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"NA","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"3/6/2015","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"Officially registered as a society in 1999, the Cat Welfare Society is a predominantly volunteer-run non-profit organisation that aims to protect the wellbeing and lives of cats in Singapore. The society achieves this through sterilisation programmes and education initiatives, as well as by working closely with various stakeholders such as caregivers, government bodies, residents and town councils.","table_of_contents":"[Cat Welfare Society] -- Background and establishment -- Sterilisation schemes and anti-culling stance -- Adoption -- Mediation -- Fighting animal abuse -- Education and raising public awareness -- Fundraising -- Stand against no-cats policy in public housing -- “Love Cats” project -- Other activities -- Authors -- References -- Further resources.","subject_lcsh":"Cat Welfare Society (Singapore)","subject_singheritage":"Organisations {18455234}|Community and Social Services {18486492}|Nature and Environment {18486470}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia {10126}","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"All Rights Reserved. National Library Board Singapore 2015.","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":34,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=6afc206f-bb9c-44c4-9900-5130e65e90aa","identifier_uuid":"6afc206f-bb9c-44c4-9900-5130e65e90aa","title":"Agnes Joaquim","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Tan, Bonny","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"17/4/1999","has_part_uuid":"940410c8-17a2-11e8-a2a9-001a4a5ba61b","description":"NA","abstract":"Agnes Joaquim (Ashkhen Hovakimian) (b. 7 April 1854, Singapore–d. 2 July 1899, Singapore), a second-generation Singapore resident of Persian Armenian descent, is best known for successfully cross-breeding Vanda teres with Vanda hookeriana to create a new orchid known as Vanda Miss Joaquim (Papilionanthe Miss Joaquim). The orchid hybrid was named Singapore’s national flower in 1981. In 2015, the Singapore Council of Women’s Organisations inducted into its Singapore Women’s Hall of Fame. The award cited her as the first woman in the world to breed a hybrid orchid.","table_of_contents":"[Agnes Joaquim] -- Horticultural legacy and accomplishments -- Other interests -- Death -- Family -- Variant names -- List of horticultural awards won at the annual Flower Show in Singapore -- References.","subject_lcsh":"Vanda Miss Joaquim--Singapore--History","subject_singheritage":"Pioneers {18336121}|Plants {18336144}|National symbols {18336136}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia {10126}","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":35,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=6d49bb83-1154-4614-af56-1290b5c61c76","identifier_uuid":"6d49bb83-1154-4614-af56-1290b5c61c76","title":"Estate Renewal Strategy","alternative":"NA","creator":"Sim, Cheryl","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"NA","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"10/11/2014","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"Estate renewal is one of the key emphases of public housing in Singapore. It enables residents in older precincts to enjoy new facilities without uprooting from existing homes, thus keeping communities intact. In addition, improving the condition of older flats and their surroundings to a standard comparable to newer estates helps to preserve the asset value of the flats. Introduced in September 1995, the Estate Renewal Strategy (ERS) is a comprehensive and coordinated approach to estate renewal in Singapore. The ERS comprises various upgrading programmes and the Selective En bloc Redevelopment Scheme (SERS) that enables the Housing and Development Board (HDB) to acquire older flats for redevelopment.","table_of_contents":"[Estate Renewal Strategy] -- Background -- Main Upgrading Programme and Home Improvement Programme -- Interim Upgrading Programme -- Lift Upgrading Programme -- Interim Upgrading Programme Plus -- Neighbourhood Renewal Programme -- Selective En bloc Redevelopment Scheme -- Remaking Our Heartland -- References -- Further resources.","subject_lcsh":"NA","subject_singheritage":"Streets and Places {18336099}|Nature and Environment {18486470}|Community and Social Services {18486492}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":36,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=70eb2bc3-d19e-4d2d-844e-d948b9b8710b","identifier_uuid":"70eb2bc3-d19e-4d2d-844e-d948b9b8710b","title":"Night Safari","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"NA","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"24/6/2014","has_part_uuid":"75d502f5-85ae-4b50-ae48-a1c3e50f5664","description":"NA","abstract":"The Night Safari is the world’s first night zoo that allows visitors to observe nocturnal animals in a natural habitat. Designed to be experienced at night, the Night Safari is radically different from the typical zoo and nocturnal house. The idea of a night zoo was groundbreaking when it was first conceived as conventional zoos had long struggled to exhibit tropical mammals that were largely nocturnal by nature. Rather than an extension of the Singapore Zoo, the Night Safari is actually a separate zoo, which is bigger in size and contains a wider range of animals. Since its opening in May 1994, the Night Safari has been highly regarded by the international zoo community. It has also become a leading icon of Singapore tourism, attracting more than 1.1 million visitors yearly.","table_of_contents":"[Night Safari] -- Conception -- Description -- Conservation efforts -- Awards -- Incidents -- Timeline -- References.","subject_lcsh":"Safaris--Singapore|Night Safari (Firm)","subject_singheritage":"Streets and Places {18336099}|Nature and Environment {18486470}|Places of interest {18455236}|Wildlife {18486471}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia {10126}","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":37,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=7115356d-7421-429b-a73d-d9073ed61756","identifier_uuid":"7115356d-7421-429b-a73d-d9073ed61756","title":"Christmas Island (flora and fauna)","alternative":"NA","creator":"Tan, Bonny","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"NA","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"21/1/2000","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"The robber crab (Birgus latro) is the largest of the various crab species found on Christmas Island. Able to climb trees, the crabs only return to water during breeding season to lay eggs. However, the most notorious crab species is the red crab (Gecarcoidea natalis), which migrates by the millions at the end of the dry season around November to December. The dry season spans May to November, while the wet season is between December to April.","table_of_contents":"Christmas Island (flora and fauna) -- References -- Further resources.","subject_lcsh":"Horticulture--Islands--Kiribati|Kiritimati (Kiribati)","subject_singheritage":"Wildlife {18486471}|Plants {18336144}|Singapore offshore islands {18486578}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia {10126}","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":38,"identifier_uri":"NA","identifier_uuid":"71c6302c-6bd3-4841-aaa0-fa31b45a28ce","title":"Tapping history","alternative":"NA","creator":"Pwee, Timothy","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"NA","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"2007-07","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"Article published in BiblioAsia, v. 3, issue 2 (July 2007), p. 11-15.","abstract":"A century and a half ago, the tree Taban Merah, better known to the world as Gutta Percha, was at the centre of an earth-shaking infocomm revolution. This article traces the discovery of its many uses, from root-canl fillings in dentistry to making of golf balls, adhesives and insulated cable coatings which enabled them to be laid across oceans. It was through such telegraphic cables that Singapore became connected to the world. It also describes the commercial harvesting, techniques used and its difficulties as welll as trade. Early personalities involved with gutta percha like Thomas Oxley and Temenggong Ibrahim as well as referencs to the tree in articles and books are also included.","table_of_contents":"Discovery -- Telegraphy -- Commercial harvesting -- Peronalities -- Description -- References.","subject_lcsh":"Gutta-percha--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Plants {18336144}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Publications>>BiblioAsia {16180172}|NLB Collections>>Index to Singapore Information {16145204}","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"All Rights Reserved. National Library Board Singapore 2007.","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":39,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=71f07719-a200-4339-b20c-ec69e520776f","identifier_uuid":"71f07719-a200-4339-b20c-ec69e520776f","title":"Four National Taps","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"NA","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"24/5/2019","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"The Four National Taps, a term used by then Minister for the Environment Lim Swee Say in 2004, refer to the four sources that Singapore relies on for its water supply. They comprise water from local catchment, imported water, high-grade reclaimed water known as NEWater, and desalinated water. During the early days of Singapore’s independence in the 1960s and 1970s, the country depended on two of these sources – local catchment water and imported water from Malaysia. To improve national water security, the government began exploring alternative sources of water in the 1970s, eventually introducing NEWater and desalinated water in the early 2000s.","table_of_contents":"[Four National Taps] -- Background -- First National Tap – water from local catchment -- Second National Tap – imported water -- Third National Tap – NEWater -- Fourth National Tap – desalinated water -- References -- Further resources","subject_lcsh":"Water-supply--Singapore|Water resources development--Singapore|Water-supply--Government policy--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Domestic policy (Water Resource Management) {18336186}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":40,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=73f13a40-0977-453d-a0e2-e650629b6d1b","identifier_uuid":"73f13a40-0977-453d-a0e2-e650629b6d1b","title":"Clean and Green Week is launched","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"NA","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"NA","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"NA","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"Goh Chok Tong, then first deputy prime minister, mooted a week-long programme in 1990 called “Clean and Green Week… Green for Life” that was to commence on the first Sunday of November each year to create awareness among Singaporeans that everyone is","abstract":"NA","table_of_contents":"NA","subject_lcsh":"NA","subject_singheritage":"Politics and Government {18336134}|Nature and Environment {18486470}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>HistorySG {18547869}","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"All Rights Reserved. National Library Board Singapore 2015.","access_rights":"The information in this article is valid as at March 2015 and correct as far as we are able to ascertain from our sources. It is not intended to be an exhaustive or complete history of the subject. Please contact the Library for further reading materials on the topic."},{"_id":41,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=77ca3e7e-cd41-411d-8b74-7b6d75c17709","identifier_uuid":"77ca3e7e-cd41-411d-8b74-7b6d75c17709","title":"Red junglefowl","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"NA","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"22/8/2001","has_part_uuid":"f8dd6afb-b19d-4220-845f-2c338e386817","description":"NA","abstract":"The red junglefowl (Gallus gallus) is one of four Asian species in the genus Gallus. It is the wild ancestor of the domestic chicken. Previously an endangered species, today the red junglefowl is commonly sighted across Singapore, in areas such as Tanjong Pagar, Pasir Ris and even the Istana.","table_of_contents":"[Red Junglefowl] -- Background -- Description -- Reproduction -- Diet -- Habitat and range -- Uses -- Conservation -- Variant names -- References -- Further resources.","subject_lcsh":"Red junglefowl--Singapore|Jungle fowl--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Wildlife {18486471}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"All rights reserved. National Library Board Singapore, 2021.","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":42,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=787cfbdf-112d-4572-afec-bc32d82beb2c","identifier_uuid":"787cfbdf-112d-4572-afec-bc32d82beb2c","title":"White-bellied sea eagle","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Pak, Peter Yew Guan","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"8/1/2002","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"The white-bellied sea eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaster) is reputed to be Singapore’s largest common raptor or bird of prey, with a body length of 60 to 70 cm and a wing span of about 2 m. It is usually seen soaring above reservoirs and forested areas, or near sea coasts hunting for food. The bird’s nest can be found nestled within tall structures such as large emergent trees. It was reported that between 1987 and 1992, ten nesting sites of the white-bellied sea eagle were found on mainland Singapore, with up to five being active in a season.","table_of_contents":"[White-bellied sea eagle] -- Description -- Reproduction -- Diet -- Habitat and range -- Status -- Cultural significance in Singapore -- Variant names -- References.","subject_lcsh":"Haliaeetus--Singapore|White-bellied fish eagle--Singapore|Eagles--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Wildlife {18486471}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":43,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=7988768d-891b-4bde-bf2e-deceb4be6e9f","identifier_uuid":"7988768d-891b-4bde-bf2e-deceb4be6e9f","title":"Dragon fruit","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Nor-Afidah Abd Rahman|Tan, Bonny","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"17/4/1999","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"The dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus) is a tropical fruit that belongs to the climbing cacti (Cactaceae) family. Widely cultivated in Vietnam, the fruit is popular in Southeast Asia. Apart from being refreshing and tasty, it has been noted that the dragon fruit is a rich source of vitamin C, calcium and phosphorus.","table_of_contents":"[Dragon fruit] -- Origin and distribution -- Description -- Usage and potential -- Variant names -- References.","subject_lcsh":"Tropical fruit--Asia, Southeastern","subject_singheritage":"Plants {18336144}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":44,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=7acd95ea-05c9-4e4c-9bfa-7e7487597358","identifier_uuid":"7acd95ea-05c9-4e4c-9bfa-7e7487597358","title":"Pandan","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Author:Pwee, Timothy {18542806}|Author:Pwee, Timothy {18542806}","contributor_people":"Author:Pwee, Timothy {18542806}","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"15/11/2021","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"Pandan commonly refers to Pandanus amaryllifolius, a plant whose aromatic leaves are used as flavouring in food and drinks, particularly rice and desserts in Malay and Peranakan cuisine.  The plant is not commonly known to flower or fruit.  Instead, pandan is propagated through suckers or stem cuttings.  However, in northern India, pandan may refer to the flowers of another Pandanus species also used for flavouring, or to other Pandanus species, including some whose leaves are used for to make mats.  Sungei Pandan and its upper reaches, Ulu Pandan, likely got their names from other species of Pandanus that grew there.  Pandan wangi or “fragrant pandan” would be the more precise Malay name for Pandanus amaryllifolius.","table_of_contents":"[Pandan] -- Origins and distribution -- Description -- Uses -- Variant Names -- Author -- References","subject_lcsh":"Pandanus|Aromatic plants","subject_singheritage":"Plants {18336144}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"All Rights Reserved. National Library Board Singapore, 2021","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":45,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=7b7def45-8a1b-4a8a-9d3b-907d5351b07e","identifier_uuid":"7b7def45-8a1b-4a8a-9d3b-907d5351b07e","title":"Lower and Upper Peirce reservoirs","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Editor:Lim, Fiona","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"14/9/2015","has_part_uuid":"a9745a47-1613-4722-8a2b-a093dd44ede3","description":"NA","abstract":"Lower Peirce Reservoir, officially opened on 26 March 1912, is the second-oldest impounding reservoir in Singapore. Built at the lower portion of Kallang River in 1910, the reservoir was originally known as Kalang (Kallang) River Reservoir. It was renamed Peirce Reservoir in 1922 to commemorate the service of Robert Peirce, municipal engineer of Singapore from 1901 to 1916. The Upper Peirce Reservoir was created upstream of the existing one in 1975, following which the older reservoir was renamed Lower Peirce Reservoir.","table_of_contents":"[Lower and Upper Peirce reservoirs] -- Background -- Construction and opening -- Upper Peirce Reservoir -- Fear of water pollution -- Flora and fauna -- Conservation -- References -- Further resources.","subject_lcsh":"Reservoirs--Singapore|Historic buildings--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Streets and Places {18336099}|Nature and Environment {18486470}|Reservoirs {18336497}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia {10126}","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":46,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=7ba3d89a-78ec-47ab-b1f2-0a6ddd752c4c","identifier_uuid":"7ba3d89a-78ec-47ab-b1f2-0a6ddd752c4c","title":"Breadfruit","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Tan, Bonny","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"17/4/1999","has_part_uuid":"7fe9af42-1cae-4f72-a2c5-88f28f57e9f0","description":"NA","abstract":"Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) is believed to have been originated in Polynesia and then spread to Micronesia, New Guinea and Southeast Asia. Although not as well known as the jackfruit or cempedak trees, the breadfruit tree is represented at the Gardens by the Bay. Breadfruit is also known as sukun in Malay.","table_of_contents":"[Breadfruit] -- Description -- Uses -- Breadfruit trees in Singapore -- Variant names -- References -- Further resources.","subject_lcsh":"Breadfruit|Artocarpus","subject_singheritage":"Plants {18336144}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia {10126}|NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":47,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=7db5dd9f-8dde-4d1c-b5fb-53b40a94353d","identifier_uuid":"7db5dd9f-8dde-4d1c-b5fb-53b40a94353d","title":"Mount Pleasant","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Editor:Han, Jamie|Editor:Lim, Fiona","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"24/5/2016","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"Mount Pleasant is an area located in the central region of Singapore bounded by Thomson Road, the Pan Island Expressway (PIE), Bukit Brown Cemetery and Andrew Road. It is named after a hill located within its boundaries. The colonial government acquired the area in 1920 to build accommodation for high-ranking colonial officers, including senior police officers from the nearby Police Depot (later known as the Police Academy). These houses were among the grandest black-and-white bungalows built by the colonial government prior to World War II and 33 of them have since been preserved and refurbished for lease to the public. Mount Pleasant is also the site where the Singapore Polo Club has been based since the 1940s. Mount Pleasant Road, which runs through the area, is designated a Heritage Road and gazetted under the Parks and Trees Act in 2005, thus providing the surrounding trees and greenery with more legal protection.","table_of_contents":"[Mount Pleasant] -- Early history -- Black-and-white colonial bungalows -- Japanese Occupation -- Key postwar developments -- References -- Further resources.","subject_lcsh":"City planning--Singapore|Land use--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Streets and Places {18336099}|Heritage and Culture {18336130}|Nature and Environment {18486470}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":48,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=803f9ebc-33f8-4cf2-ac77-2c81ca680ea8","identifier_uuid":"803f9ebc-33f8-4cf2-ac77-2c81ca680ea8","title":"Chinese Water Chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis)","alternative":"NA","creator":"Thulaja, Naidu Ratnala","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Nor-Afidah Abd Rahman","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"28/9/1999","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"The Chinese water chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis) is an edible corm. It is available in two forms. The wild one abounds in the fresh, brackish and saline waters of southern Asia and much of Oceania. The other is the cultivated, larger, sweeter and juicier version that originates from China and is widely cultivated commercially. The round, brown-skinned corms have a flat top and base that reveals their bright white flesh when peeled. The Chinese water chestnut should not be confused with the horned water caltrop (Trapa bicornis), which is also known in the West as water chestnut.","table_of_contents":"[Chinese Water Chestnut] -- Origins and distribution -- Description and usage -- Variant names -- References.","subject_lcsh":"Chinese water chestnut--Southeast Asia","subject_singheritage":"Plants {18336144}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":49,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=82cc56f3-c5ca-4fae-9622-ea0a4a615db3","identifier_uuid":"82cc56f3-c5ca-4fae-9622-ea0a4a615db3","title":"White-rumped Shama","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Chew, Valerie","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"7/2/2006","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"The white-rumped shama (Copsychus malabaricus) is a slender, predominantly black bird that has become one of the most popular caged birds in Singapore because of its beautiful song. The white-rumped shama was featured on the S$50 Bird Series currency notes released by the Monetary Authority of Singapore between 1976 and 1984, and on Cashcards launched by Singapore Mint in 2001 to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the actual notes. It has been depicted twice on 50-cent postage stamps of Singapore in 1963 and 1978.","table_of_contents":"[White-rumped Shama] -- Description -- Reproduction -- Diet -- Distribution and habitat -- Variant names -- References -- Further resources","subject_lcsh":"White-rumped shama--Singapore|Birds in numismatics|Birds on postage stamps","subject_singheritage":"Wildlife {18486471}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia {10126}|NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":50,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=847049dd-f02e-40e2-8ee1-1dd03be92504","identifier_uuid":"847049dd-f02e-40e2-8ee1-1dd03be92504","title":"Bird’s-nest fern","alternative":"NA","creator":"Lee-Khoo, Guan Fong","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Tan, Bonny","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"12/12/2003","has_part_uuid":"3e8ab284-60b4-44c7-bc1a-6b7dcd6e8a54","description":"NA","abstract":"The bird’s-nest fern (Asplenium nidus) is a large, leafy fern commonly found on wayside trees in Singapore, particularly the rain tree. The fern, which grows at the base of large branches, has a unique ability to trap water and develop its own store of humus.","table_of_contents":"[Bird's Nest Fern] -- Description -- Usage and potential -- Variant names -- References -- Further readings -- List of images.","subject_lcsh":"Asplenium--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Plants {18336144}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":51,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=88701e9d-a9e3-4839-9c16-e142de9fcbd8","identifier_uuid":"88701e9d-a9e3-4839-9c16-e142de9fcbd8","title":"City Biodiversity Index","alternative":"NA","creator":"Tok, Cherylyn Xiu Hui","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Tan, Joanna Hwang Soo","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"9/2/2011","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"The City Biodiversity Index, also known as the Singapore Index on Cities’ Biodiversity, measures biodiversity in cities, and highlights how biodiversity conservation efforts can be improved. The idea was proposed by then Minister for National Development Mah Bow Tan at the Conference of Parties (COP) to the Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD) held in Bonn, Germany, in 2008. It was formulated by Singapore’s National Parks Board, in cooperation with the United Nations and a taskforce of international experts. The index was officially endorsed at the following COP in October 2010 as a self-assessment monitoring tool, and is the only index of its kind catering specifically to cities.","table_of_contents":"[City Biodiversity Index] -- Purpose -- Developments -- Features -- Timeline -- References.","subject_lcsh":"Biodiversity conservation--Singapore|Biodiversity--Monitoring--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Nature conservation {18336476}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":52,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=8abdf1d6-45cf-4cb8-8f31-1f0316025b1b","identifier_uuid":"8abdf1d6-45cf-4cb8-8f31-1f0316025b1b","title":"Marina Reservoir","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Ong, Eng Chuan","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"10/11/2008","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"Marina Reservoir was officially opened on 31 October 2008. It was created with the completion of Marina Barrage, a low-level dam built across Marina Channel to separate the water in Marina Basin from the seawater. Managed by the Public Utilities Board (PUB), it is Singapore’s 15th reservoir and the first in the city centre. Its 10,000-hectare (100 sq km) catchment is the largest of all the reservoir catchments.","table_of_contents":"[Marina Reservoir] -- History -- Description -- Pollution management -- Timeline -- References.","subject_lcsh":"Flood dams and reservoirs--Singapore|Marina Reservoir (Singapore)","subject_singheritage":"Reservoirs {18336497}|Public utilities {18486592}|Domestic policy (Water Resource Management) {18336186}|Reservoir management (water) {18486484}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia {10126}","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":53,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=8d0ecf07-c0fa-489e-b6bc-a012b2ea4e89","identifier_uuid":"8d0ecf07-c0fa-489e-b6bc-a012b2ea4e89","title":"Brahminy kite","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Tan, Bonny","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"2/8/2002","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"The Brahminy kite (Haliastur indus) is a medium-sized raptor or bird of prey. Nicknamed the “Singapore Bald Eagle”, it is one of the commonest raptors in Singapore, and is frequently seen in flight over urban areas and suitable sites such as Jurong Lake. Large groups also roost on some offshore islands, such as Coney Island. While it commonly hunts fish, it also feeds on carrion. The second series of Singapore’s currency notes, issued between 1976 and 1984, featured birds. The second-highest denomination note in this series – the S$1,000 note – featured a perched Brahminy kite on the front. The bird also appeared on 50-cent postage stamps in 1984. In Malaysia, the Brahminy kite is the Iban god of war, Singalang Burung. It is also Kedah’s symbol. Langkawi is named after the Brahminy kite.","table_of_contents":"[The Brahminy kite] -- Description -- Reproduction -- Diet -- Habitat and range -- Variant names -- References -- Further resources.","subject_lcsh":"Birds--Singapore|Birds of prey--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Wildlife {18486471}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":54,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=90099777-88ec-4591-94f9-f5106b1ab9ab","identifier_uuid":"90099777-88ec-4591-94f9-f5106b1ab9ab","title":"Cempedak","alternative":"NA","creator":"Thulaja, Naidu Ratnala","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Tan, Bonny","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"21/3/2003","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"Cempedak (Artocarpus integer), also spelt “chempedak”, is a tropical fruit from the Moraceae family. It can be found in Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia and Indonesia. Cempedak is similar to the jackfruit in appearance as well as in the way the fruit is used. The pulpy flesh covering the seeds found within the fruit is sought after for its fragrant taste. However, the hard seeds can also be cooked and eaten.","table_of_contents":"[Cempedak] -- Origins and Distribution -- Description -- Usage and Potential -- Variant Names -- References.","subject_lcsh":"Artocarpus--Southeast Asia","subject_singheritage":"Plants {18336144}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":55,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=91384eae-d868-4722-9cd2-c458e01d1842","identifier_uuid":"91384eae-d868-4722-9cd2-c458e01d1842","title":"Bougainvillea","alternative":"NA","creator":"Thulaja, Naidu Ratnala","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Tan, Bonny","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"25/2/2003","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"Bougainvillea (Bougainvillea sp.) is a popular tropical and sub-tropical ornamental flower tha belongs to the family Nyctaginaceae. The Nyctaginaceae plant family  consists of 28 genera and 250 species. Spectacular bougainvillea of different varieties have been cultivated and used in landscaping Singapore, helping to establish the Republic as a garden city.","table_of_contents":"[Bougainvillea] -- Origins and distribution -- Description -- Usage and potential -- Variant names -- References.","subject_lcsh":"Bougainvillea--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Plants {18336144}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":56,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=913c8bc7-f187-4e34-b4b9-d66b1e388650","identifier_uuid":"913c8bc7-f187-4e34-b4b9-d66b1e388650","title":"Water Chestnut (Trapa natans)","alternative":"NA","creator":"Thulaja, Naidu Ratnala","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Nor-Afidah Abd Rahman","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"4/9/2003","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"Water Chestnut (Trapa natans), an aquatic plant, belongs to the family Trapaceae. It is not to be confused with another aquatic plant of tather similar name, Chinese water chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis) of the family Cyperaceae, which is a popular ingredient in Southeast Asian and Chinese cooking.","table_of_contents":"[Water Chestnut (Trapa natans)] -- Origins and distribution -- Description -- Usage. Food. Medicine -- Variant names -- References -- Further readings.","subject_lcsh":"Water chestnuts--Southeast Asia","subject_singheritage":"Plants {18336144}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"All Rights Reserved. National Library Board Singapore 2005.","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":57,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=91bf0429-55df-4a1f-85e0-38633afaca21","identifier_uuid":"91bf0429-55df-4a1f-85e0-38633afaca21","title":"The sanitation system in Singapore","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"NA","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"6/2/2020","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"Singapore is served by a modern sanitation system in which all used water is collected through a network of sewers and channelled to water reclamation plants. But this was not always so. \r\n\r\nIn the 1800s, the sewage collection and disposal system in Singapore relied on the use of night soil buckets. In the 1900s, a network of sewers, pumping stations and treatment plants was developed and enhanced. Consequently, night soil disposal stations were phased out by 1987. \r\n\r\nImprovements continued to be made in the wastewater treatment system so that by 1997, all of Singapore had access to modern sanitation. One of the key enhancements implemented is the Deep Tunnel Sewerage System (DTSS), which was conceptualised in the mid-1990s as a more sustainable solution to collect and treat used water before discharging it into the sea or channelling it to NEWater factories for further purification.","table_of_contents":"[The sanitation system in Singapore] -- Pre-independence Singapore -- Development of a comprehensive sewerage network from the late 1960s -- Deep Tunnel Sewerage System (DTSS) -- References -- Further resources.","subject_lcsh":"Sanitation--Singapore|Sanitation--Singapore--History|Sewerage--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Domestic policy (Water Resource Management) {18336186}|Environmental policy {18336488}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":58,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=934137ac-f437-4120-93e0-689ec0283f97","identifier_uuid":"934137ac-f437-4120-93e0-689ec0283f97","title":"Water shortages and rationing in Singapore","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"NA","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"20/2/2020","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"Singapore is considered to be one of the most water-stressed countries in the world. It is heavily dependent on rainfall due to the lack of natural water resources, and limited land is available for water storage facilities. Prolonged dry spells cause or threaten to cause water shortages, the most recent being in 1990. Under severe conditions, water rationing was implemented; the last occasion was in 1963–64 though there have been mock water rationing exercises since then.","table_of_contents":"[Water shortages and rationing in Singapore] -- Water shortages in pre-independence Singapore -- Water rationing in 1961 and 1963 -- Water situation in post-independence Singapore -- References -- Further resources.","subject_lcsh":"Water-supply--Singapore--History|Water security--Singapore--History","subject_singheritage":"Domestic policy (Water Resource Management) {18336186}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":59,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=95ce9bec-972c-442a-b7f9-62c245c776ea","identifier_uuid":"95ce9bec-972c-442a-b7f9-62c245c776ea","title":"Heritage Tree Scheme","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Editor:Lim, Fiona","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"28/9/2015","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"The Heritage Tree Scheme is an initiative by the National Parks Board (NParks) to promote the conservation of mature trees in Singapore.","table_of_contents":"[Heritage Tree Scheme] -- Background -- Launch of the scheme and public nomination of heritage trees -- Conservation of heritage trees -- Heritage Tree Dedication Award -- Heritage Trees Register --\r\n References -- Further resources.","subject_lcsh":"NA","subject_singheritage":"Heritage and Culture {18336130}|Nature and Environment {18486470}|Politics and Government {18336134}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":60,"identifier_uri":"NA","identifier_uuid":"95d076ce-970a-45f7-89cc-8def7598f1d1","title":"Green matters : the environment and sustainability collection at the Lee Kong Chian Reference Library","alternative":"NA","creator":"Pek, Sara Leng Leng","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"NA","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"7/4/2010","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"Article published in BiblioAsia, v. 6, issue 1 (Apr. 2010), p. 29-32.","abstract":"We face many environmental challenges such as water\r\nshortages, pollution, global warming and consequent rising sea levels. As citizens of the planet Earth, we can and should take responsibility to save the environment. The Environment and Sustainability collection at the Lee Kong Chian Reference Library aims to inform and provide insights and ideas on a broad spectrum of resources on major environmental trends and issues such as climate change, global warming, sustainable development, green business and buildings and clean technology. This article highlights selected publications from the collection.","table_of_contents":"NA","subject_lcsh":"Libraries--Special collections--Environmental sciences|Reference services (Libraries)—Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Nature conservation {18336476}|Government agencies {18336197}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Publications>>BiblioAsia|NLB Collections>>Publications>>BiblioAsia {16180172}","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"All Rights Reserved. National Library Board Singapore 2010.","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":61,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=985cee95-3edc-4d7d-a40a-920a943de2eb","identifier_uuid":"985cee95-3edc-4d7d-a40a-920a943de2eb","title":"Mangosteen","alternative":"NA","creator":"Dass, Annalisa","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"NA","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"3/2/1999","has_part_uuid":"967a989a-b5b3-49bb-b426-c9bfef12b6f5","description":"NA","abstract":"The mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) is an evergreen tree native to Southeast Asia. It is grown widely in Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and the Philippines. The crop is also found in certain parts of India and Sri Lanka where conditions are favourable. The dark purple fruit with its sweet, white edible segments is considered a delicacy.","table_of_contents":"[Mangosteen] -- Description -- Usage and potential -- References -- Further resource.","subject_lcsh":"Mangosteen|Tropical fruit--Peninsulas--Southeast Asia","subject_singheritage":"Plants {18336144}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":62,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=9aa5811a-2a84-440a-b7da-9eb8c88557a6","identifier_uuid":"9aa5811a-2a84-440a-b7da-9eb8c88557a6","title":"Nature Society (Singapore)","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Lim, Irene","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"5/2/2009","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"With origins stretching back to 1921 when the Singapore Natural History Society was formed, the Nature Society (Singapore) is the leading non-government organisation concerned with nature conservation in Singapore. It supported the preservation of the zoological reference collection that is now held at the Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, and also campaigned successfully for the preservation of many nature areas in Singapore, including the Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve, Chek Jawa and the Kranji freshwater wetlands (known today as the Kranji Marshes).","table_of_contents":"[Nature Society (Singapore)] -- History -- Nature Watch -- Conservation proposals -- Activities -- Premises -- References.","subject_lcsh":"Nature Society (Singapore)|Nature conservation--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Organisations {18455234}|Nature and Environment {18486470}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia {10126}|NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":63,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=9d1726ae-ae7c-49c0-a48c-3c33f520dc99","identifier_uuid":"9d1726ae-ae7c-49c0-a48c-3c33f520dc99","title":"Watermelon","alternative":"NA","creator":"Thulaja, Naidu Ratnala","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Tan, Bonny","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"3/3/2003","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"Watermelon (Citrullus sp.), a tropical fruit, belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae. The flesh is in shades of either red or yellow, and even white. Popular for its sweet and juicy flesh, the fruit is thought to have been first cultivated in Egypt more than 5,000 years ago.","table_of_contents":"[Watermelon] -- Origins and distribution -- Description -- Usage and potential -- Variant names -- References.","subject_lcsh":"Watermelons--Southeast Asia|Tropical fruit--Southeast Asia","subject_singheritage":"Plants {18336144}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":64,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=9fd93d87-dc99-44b4-8b2d-336ab917c0a1","identifier_uuid":"9fd93d87-dc99-44b4-8b2d-336ab917c0a1","title":"Chilli","alternative":"NA","creator":"Thulaja, Naidu Ratnala","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Pwee, Timothy","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"3/2/1999","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"Chilli (Capsicum annuum L. and Capsicum frutescens L.) is a hot-tasting tropical berry belonging to the Solanaceae family. It was first discovered by Christopher Columbus in tropical America, and its use spread rapidly throughout the world because of its pungent flavour. Variously classified as herb, fruit or vegetable, it is now an inseparable part of Asian cuisine. The name “chilli” is derived from the Mexican word, chili.","table_of_contents":"[Chilli] -- Origins and distribution -- Description -- Usage and potential -- Variant names -- References -- Further resources.","subject_lcsh":"Tabasco pepper|Peppers","subject_singheritage":"Plants {18336144}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia {10126}","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":65,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=a2a4fd67-8c4c-4c1a-ae7d-f34b9f25606b","identifier_uuid":"a2a4fd67-8c4c-4c1a-ae7d-f34b9f25606b","title":"Flamingo lily","alternative":"NA","creator":"Thulaja, Naidu Ratnala","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Nor-Afidah Abd Rahman","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"3/2/1999","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"Flamingo lily (Anthurium andraeanum) is a tropical flower popular for its beauty. It belongs to the family Araceae. The flower has a spadix called the rat's tail that tapers off from the flower, giving it its characteristic appearance.","table_of_contents":"[Flamingo lily] -- Origin and distribution -- Description -- Usage and potential -- Variant names -- References.","subject_lcsh":"Anthuriums--Singapore|Flowers--Singapore|Tropical plants--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Plants {18336144}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"All Rights Reserved. National Library Board Singapore 2005.","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":66,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=a4ff6df7-754f-4047-90ca-fbb8f3789cc0","identifier_uuid":"a4ff6df7-754f-4047-90ca-fbb8f3789cc0","title":"Mousedeer","alternative":"NA","creator":"Pwee, Timothy","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Chew, Valerie","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"20/5/2009","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"Mousedeer form the Tragulidae family of small, even-toed ungulates in the mammalia order Artiodactyla. Other artiodactyl families include deer, pigs and cattle. Two mousedeer species exist in Singapore: the lesser mousedeer (Tragulus kanchil) and the greater mousedeer (Tragulus napu). They have been recorded in the Central Catchment Area, Bukit Timah Nature Reserve and Pulau Ubin. The mousedeer is well-known in Malay stories as the wily sang kancil that always manages to outwit large predators like the crocodile and the tiger.","table_of_contents":"[Mousedeer] -- Description -- Reproduction -- Diet -- Habitat -- Hunting -- Literary and cultural references -- Variant names -- References.","subject_lcsh":"Chevrotains--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Wildlife {18486471}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia {10126}|NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":67,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=a6d4c4a7-18ac-4b8f-a07f-7790d501b8a5","identifier_uuid":"a6d4c4a7-18ac-4b8f-a07f-7790d501b8a5","title":"Vanda Miss Joaquim","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Anasuya Balamurugan","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"6/10/2016","has_part_uuid":"ce4149a1-f4d1-45d8-a5ca-a1e32a5f3e5e","description":"NA","abstract":"Papilionanthe Miss Joaquim, commonly referred to as Vanda Miss Joaquim, is the first recorded orchid hybrid from Singapore, created in the early 1890s. On 15 April 1981, the Agnes variety of the Vanda Miss Joaquim was launched as Singapore’s national flower. The plant was named after Agnes Joaquim, who is officially recognised as the breeder of the orchid hybrid. The first record of Vanda Miss Joaquim appeared in an 1893 issue of The Gardeners’ Chronicle journal, when it was registered as a new plant by Henry Nicholas Ridley, then director of the Singapore Botanic Gardens.","table_of_contents":"[Vanda Miss Joaquim] -- Origin and controversy -- Classification -- Popularisation and international demand -- Description -- National flower -- Representations and uses -- Variant names -- References.","subject_lcsh":"National flowers--Singapore|Orchids--Singapore|Vanda Miss Joaquim","subject_singheritage":"Plants {18336144}|National symbols {18336136}|Nature and Environment {18486470}|Heritage and Culture {18336130}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":68,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=a6fb17f3-c113-4a02-8908-6f36f95c75e4","identifier_uuid":"a6fb17f3-c113-4a02-8908-6f36f95c75e4","title":"Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Editor:Lim, Fiona","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"31/12/2015","has_part_uuid":"17b23b02-eb1f-4816-8683-12c88da4e772","description":"NA","abstract":"The Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve (SBWR) is Singapore’s first wetland nature reserve. It was officially opened on 6 December 1993 as the Sungei Buloh Nature Park, and gazetted as a nature reserve on 1 January 2002. Located at 301 Neo Tiew Crescent, the SBWR presently spans 202 ha of mangrove swamp, mudflats, ponds and rainforest along the northwestern shore of Singapore, providing a range of habitats for a myriad of flora and fauna. Every year, thousands of migratory birds visit the wetland reserve along their migratory path from the northern hemisphere to roost and feed.","table_of_contents":"[Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve] -- History -- Road to conservation -- Planning and construction -- Birdlife and ecology -- Conservation and outreach efforts -- Further developments and international recognition -- Author -- References -- Further resources.","subject_lcsh":"Mangrove conservation--Singapore|Wetland conservation--Singapore|Natural areas--Singapore|Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve (Singapore)","subject_singheritage":"Nature and Environment {18486470}|Streets and Places {18336099}|Nature Reserves {18487335}|Places of interest {18455236}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"All Rights Reserved. National Library Board Singapore 2015.","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":69,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=a7fac49f-9c96-4030-8709-ce160c58d15c","identifier_uuid":"a7fac49f-9c96-4030-8709-ce160c58d15c","title":"“Garden city” vision is introduced","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"NA","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"NA","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"NA","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"The “garden city” vision was introduced by then Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew on 11 May 1967 to transform Singapore into a city with abundant lush greenery and a clean environment in order to make life more pleasant for the people.[1] It was also","abstract":"NA","table_of_contents":"NA","subject_lcsh":"NA","subject_singheritage":"Politics and Government {18336134}|Nature and Environment {18486470}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>HistorySG {18547869}","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"All Rights Reserved. National Library Board Singapore 2015.","access_rights":"The information in this article is valid as at March 2015 and correct as far as we are able to ascertain from our sources. It is not intended to be an exhaustive or complete history of the subject. Please contact the Library for further reading materials on the topic."},{"_id":70,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=a98889e8-99cd-4637-87c0-54da975aadc3","identifier_uuid":"a98889e8-99cd-4637-87c0-54da975aadc3","title":"Environmental Public Health Act is enacted","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"NA","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"NA","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"NA","has_part_uuid":"b3b1b5b3-59dc-470b-8df7-97cd2aa55020","description":"The Environmental Public Health Act came into effect on 2 January 1969.[1] The act aimed to improve Singapore’s public-health laws by standardising the code governing public-health-related matters such as hygiene standards of eating places, markets","abstract":"NA","table_of_contents":"NA","subject_lcsh":"NA","subject_singheritage":"Politics and Government {18336134}|Nature and Environment {18486470}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>HistorySG {18547869}","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"All Rights Reserved. National Library Board Singapore 2011.","access_rights":"The information in this article is valid as at 2014 and correct as far as we are able to ascertain from our sources. It is not intended to be an exhaustive or complete history of the subject. Please contact the Library for further reading materials on the topic."},{"_id":71,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=a98a5fe6-58d4-40d3-9be3-ba4bf7c77a09","identifier_uuid":"a98a5fe6-58d4-40d3-9be3-ba4bf7c77a09","title":"Sunda slow loris","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"NA","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"13/4/2009","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"The Sunda Slow Loris (scientific name: Nycticebus coucang) is a small primate found in Singapore and other parts of Southeast Asia.  It is one of several species of lorises, all of which occur in Asia.  Slow lorises are among the few mammals in the world known to have a venomous bite.  They used to be common in Singapore and were often captured as pets.  But their population has declined significantly, and they are classified as critically endangered in The Singapore Red Data Book (2008), which lists the threatened plants and animals in the country.","table_of_contents":"[Sunda slow loris] -- Description -- Diet -- Habitat and distribution -- Threats and protection -- Variant names -- Author -- References","subject_lcsh":"Slow loris--Singapore|Endangered species--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Wildlife {18486471}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia {10126}|NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"All Rights Reserved. National Library Board Singapore 2009.","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":72,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=ab23f39e-9874-4ff8-b840-05954249aa2b","identifier_uuid":"ab23f39e-9874-4ff8-b840-05954249aa2b","title":"Gambier","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Nor-Afidah Abd Rahman","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"23/9/2003","has_part_uuid":"636e1df1-42aa-4de4-b11a-db2e10e7d57a","description":"NA","abstract":"Gambier, or pale catechu, is an astringent extract prepared from the leaves and stems of Uncaria gambir, a climber native to Sumatra and Borneo. Gambier, along with tapioca and pepper, was one of the most important crops grown in Malaya in the 19th century.","table_of_contents":"[Gambier] -- Origins and distribution -- Description -- Uses -- Variant names -- References","subject_lcsh":"Uncaria--Singapore|Betel palm--Singapore|Catechu","subject_singheritage":"Plants {18336144}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":73,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=ab60094c-2bfe-44f0-8525-36d39126e500","identifier_uuid":"ab60094c-2bfe-44f0-8525-36d39126e500","title":"Marina Barrage","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"NA","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"22/5/2008","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"Marina Barrage is a government-commissioned dam built across the mouth of Marina Channel to create Singapore’s 15th reservoir, Marina Reservoir. Officially opened on 31 October 2008, it separates the water in Marina Basin from the seawater. It has been considered an engineering marvel because of its magnitude and complexity, and it was the subject of an August 2008 episode of Discovery Channel’s documentary, Man Made Marvels Asia. The barrage is dubbed a three-in-one project as it serves three objectives: creating a new source of water supply, acting as a tool for flood control, and providing a new lifestyle attraction.","table_of_contents":"[Marina Barrage] -- History -- Description -- Timeline -- Awards -- References.","subject_lcsh":"Marina Barrage (Singapore)","subject_singheritage":"Domestic policy (Water Resource Management) {18336186}|Reservoir management (water) {18486484}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":74,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=b0f23259-35ce-4dcf-9631-3b93643cd9ac","identifier_uuid":"b0f23259-35ce-4dcf-9631-3b93643cd9ac","title":"River Safari","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"NA","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"25/6/2015","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"Officially opened on 28 February 2014, River Safari is Asia’s first river-themed zoo. The S$160-million park attraction is spread across 12 ha of land in Mandai. Focused on freshwater habitat conservation, the safari houses the world’s biggest freshwater aquarium and one of the largest collections of freshwater animals. The park is home to 6,000 animals from 200 species, of which 40 are threatened. Among River Safari’s star attractions is a pair of giant pandas, Kai Kai and Jia Jia.","table_of_contents":"[River Safari] -- Background and conception -- Construction and design -- Opening -- Attractions -- Conservation efforts -- Education and outreach -- Timeline -- Authors -- References -- Further resource.","subject_lcsh":"NA","subject_singheritage":"Streets and Places {18336099}|Nature and Environment {18486470}|Geography and Travels {18486573}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"All Rights Reserved. National Library Board Singapore 2015.","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":75,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=b4dc42da-3e23-4fdb-adc3-6152e113f35d","identifier_uuid":"b4dc42da-3e23-4fdb-adc3-6152e113f35d","title":"Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"NA","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"27/8/2019","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park is one of the largest parks in Singapore. Built in 1988, the park was revamped between 2009 and 2011 under the Active, Beautiful, Clean Waters (ABC Waters) Programme launched by PUB, Singapore’s National Water Agency. Subsequently, the park was reopened in 2012. Spanning 62 hectares, it stretches along Ang Mo Kio Avenue 1 from Upper Thomson Road to Bishan Road.","table_of_contents":"[Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park] -- Description -- History -- Rejuvenation under the ABC Waters Programme -- Awards -- References -- Further resources","subject_lcsh":"Parks--Singapore--Ang Mo Kio|Parks--Singapore--Bishan","subject_singheritage":"Nature and Environment {18486470}|Parks and gardens {18336508}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":76,"identifier_uri":"https://biblioasia.nlb.gov.sg/vol-17/issue-1/apr-jun-2021/humanxnature","identifier_uuid":"b5a2f615-f0ac-4073-bf05-e9603091c09d","title":"Singapore's Environmental Histories","alternative":"NA","creator":"Georgina Wong","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"NA","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"NA","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"NA","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"Georgina Wong explores how European naturalists leveraged indigenous knowledge to catalogue the natural world and also shares highlights from the National Library’s latest exhibition Human x Nature.","table_of_contents":"NA","subject_lcsh":"Singapore--History|Libraries--Singapore--Exhibition|Nature--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Nature and Environment {18486470}|Libraries {18336167}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Index to Singapore Information {16145204}|NLB Collections>>Publications>>BiblioAsia {16180172}","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"NA"},{"_id":77,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=b6422d18-428b-4150-9fd8-f0bab6ed5853","identifier_uuid":"b6422d18-428b-4150-9fd8-f0bab6ed5853","title":"Singapore Botanic Gardens","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Editor:Lim, Fiona","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"30/8/2015","has_part_uuid":"75fe95e8-b934-432a-a925-63a13090463c","description":"NA","abstract":"Established in 1859, the Singapore Botanic Gardens is the oldest garden in Singapore. Besides being an ornamental and recreational garden, it was also a scientific garden in its early years. Currently, the Gardens’ mission includes providing botanical and horticultural support for the nation’s greening plans, being a centre for plant taxonomic and biodiversity research in the region, as well as a recreational and educational attraction. The 74-hectare (183 ac) Gardens was inscribed as a UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) World Heritage Site on 4 July 2015.","table_of_contents":"[Singapore Botanic Gardens] -- Background -- Establishment of the Singapore Botanic Gardens at Tanglin -- Growth of the Singapore Botanic Gardens -- Post-independence years -- The Gardens today -- Singapore’s first UNESCO World Heritage Site -- Timeline of the Gardens’ journey to UNESCO WHS status -- References -- Further resources.","subject_lcsh":"Parks--Singapore|Botanic Gardens (Singapore)","subject_singheritage":"Nature and Environment {18486470}|Heritage and Culture {18336130}|Streets and Places {18336099}|Plants {18336144}|Nature Reserves {18487335}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":78,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=baa5413b-941d-4540-8640-d8606b539b04","identifier_uuid":"baa5413b-941d-4540-8640-d8606b539b04","title":"Tigers in Singapore","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Nor-Afidah Abd Rahman","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"NA","original_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","date_created":"12/12/2006","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"Tigers in Singapore (Panthera tigris jacksoni) were sighted mostly in the forested areas of Bukit Timah, Choa Chu Kang, Tampines and Changi during the 19th century until the 1930s. They became a menace to the populace when large swathes of Singapore’s forests were cleared for roads and plantations. Subsequently, the intensive hunt for tigers, bolstered by the promise of financial rewards for their capture and killing, led to their diminished numbers and eventually wiping them out from the wild.","table_of_contents":"[Tigers in Singapore] -- Early records-- Containing the tiger menace -- References.","subject_lcsh":"Tigers--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Wildlife {18486471}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia {10126}|NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"All rights reserved. National Library Board Singapore, 2021.","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":79,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=bd1c9112-6334-4660-8d41-a488f70c2c54","identifier_uuid":"bd1c9112-6334-4660-8d41-a488f70c2c54","title":"Deep Tunnel Sewerage System","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"NA","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"NA","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"9/11/2019","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"The Deep Tunnel Sewerage System (DTSS) was conceptualised in the 1990s as a sustainable, cost-effective solution to meet Singapore’s used water collection, treatment, reclamation and disposal needs in the long run. Spanning two phases over more than 20 years, Phase 1 was completed in 2008 while Phase 2 is due to be completed by 2025.","table_of_contents":"[Deep Tunnel Sewerage System]--Background--Description--Impact--Awards--References--Further resources","subject_lcsh":"Sewerage--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Domestic policy (Water Resource Management) {18336186}|Environmental technology {18336516}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":80,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=bd996818-b596-4dd6-a9de-ab3d01e0598c","identifier_uuid":"bd996818-b596-4dd6-a9de-ab3d01e0598c","title":"Critically endangered bats","alternative":"NA","creator":"Chew, Valerie","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"NA","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"18/5/2009","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"Bats belong to an order of mammals known as Chiroptera, a term that comes from the Greek words cheiro (“hand”) and ptera (“wing”), aptly describing their most distinctive feature. There are about 1,100 species of bats in the world and 30 have been documented in Singapore. The Singapore Red Data Book (2008) classifies seven species of bats as “critically endangered”, just one step away from local extinction. They are threatened mainly by habitat loss. Conservation would thus require an effective protection of their habitats and keeping human disturbance to a minimum.","table_of_contents":"[Critically endangered bats] -- List of critically endangered bat species -- Physical description -- Echolocation -- Reproduction -- Diet -- Habitat -- Distribution -- References -- List of images.","subject_lcsh":"Bats--Singapore|Rare mammals--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Wildlife {18486471}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia {10126}|NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":81,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=c01d67f9-c903-4cc0-a7db-2c478a4552d4","identifier_uuid":"c01d67f9-c903-4cc0-a7db-2c478a4552d4","title":"Durian","alternative":"King of Fruits","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Tan, Bonny","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"30/4/1999","has_part_uuid":"b43b8663-5a4f-4a0e-997a-e34f17a35baf","description":"NA","abstract":"The durian (Durio zibethinus) is often dubbed “king of tropical fruits” and a native of Southeast Asia. The name “durian” was derived from the Malay word for thorns, duri. The renowned naturalist, Alfred Russel Wallace, said this about the fruit: “It is like a buttery custard flavoured with almonds, intermingled with wafts of flavour that call to mind cream cheese, onion sauce, brown sherry and other incongruities ... It is neither acid, nor sweet, nor juicy, yet one feels the want of none of these qualities, for it is perfect as it is”. There were others who also spoke strongly about the fruit, but to contrary effect. For instance, Sir Stamford Raffles reportedly found the odour of durians nauseating and disliked it. Probably no other fruit has had so many contradictory descriptions written of its smell and flavour.  As a result of cultivation and propagation, many varieties of durians exist in Southeast Asia. For instance, one species of wild durian – the Durio singaporensis (Singapore Durian) – is named after Singapore.","table_of_contents":"[Durian] -- The king of tropical fruits -- Description -- Uses and applications -- Variant names -- References -- Further resource","subject_lcsh":"Durian--Southeast Asia|Tropical fruit--Southeast Asia","subject_singheritage":"Plants {18336144}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"All rights reserved. National Library Board Singapore, 2020","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":82,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=c0b030f8-63ea-4144-b4c6-134193a5c57b","identifier_uuid":"c0b030f8-63ea-4144-b4c6-134193a5c57b","title":"Butterfly Pea","alternative":"NA","creator":"Pwee, Timothy","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Tan, Bonny","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"17/4/1999","has_part_uuid":"a923c318-d2e3-4b63-8df5-d0b736e71c80","description":"NA","abstract":"The Butterfly Pea is a climbing plant whose blue flowers are commonly used as a food dye, particularly among the Peranakans (Straits Chinese).","table_of_contents":"[Butterfly Peas] -- Description -- Usage -- Variant Names -- References.","subject_lcsh":"Centrosema--Singapore|Coloring matter in food","subject_singheritage":"Plants {18336144}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":83,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=c4077012-e0e1-438f-acfd-6d0d9f8da71c","identifier_uuid":"c4077012-e0e1-438f-acfd-6d0d9f8da71c","title":"Water conservation in Singapore","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"NA","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"2/7/2021","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"As an island that lacks natural water resources and land for water storage facilities, Singapore is one of the most water-stressed countries in the world. To overcome these limitations, the city-state employs a multipronged strategy to ensure a sustainable water supply. A key part of the strategy is the national water conservation campaigns spearheaded by the Public Utilities Board (PUB), which aim to inculcate water conservation awareness in the people of Singapore.","table_of_contents":"[Water conservation in Singapore] -- First water conservation campaign -- Subsequent water conservation campaigns -- Water conservation campaigns from the 2000s -- Impact on water consumption.","subject_lcsh":"Water conservation--Singapore|Water conservation--Singapore--History","subject_singheritage":"Water conservation programmes {18336222}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"All rights reserved. National Library Board Singapore, 2021","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":84,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=c5a0eff0-0777-4e83-a990-306c75b055b9","identifier_uuid":"c5a0eff0-0777-4e83-a990-306c75b055b9","title":"Endangered squirrels","alternative":"NA","creator":"Chew, Valerie","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"NA","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"9/4/2009","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"Squirrels belong to an order of mammals known as Rodentia, or rodents. They are characterised by enlarged incisors which are used for gnawing and long bushy tails. Flying squirrels have membranes attached to their limbs that are used for gliding through the air. Tree and ground squirrels do not have this extra piece of skin. Singapore is home to many species of squirrels, with the Plantain Squirrel being the most common. But several are in danger of becoming extinct in Singapore, namely, the Cream-coloured Giant Squirrel, Shrew-faced Ground Squirrel, Red Giant Flying Squirrel and Red-cheeked Flying Squirrel. These four are listed as \"critically endangered\" in The Singapore Red Data Book (2008), but fairly little is known about them.","table_of_contents":"[Endangered squirrels] -- Cream-coloured giant squirrel. Description. Distribution. Variant names -- Shrew-faced ground squirrel. Description. Distribution. Variant names -- Red giant flying squirrel. Description. Distribution. Variant names -- Red-cheeked flying squirrel. Description. Distribution. Variant names -- Threats -- Conservation -- References -- Further readings.","subject_lcsh":"Squirrels--Singapore|Rare mammals--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Wildlife {18486471}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia {10126}|NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"All Rights Reserved. National Library Board Singapore 2009.","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":85,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=c9aad8c4-9a6f-4ce2-acee-45b5fc1b24f9","identifier_uuid":"c9aad8c4-9a6f-4ce2-acee-45b5fc1b24f9","title":"Lady Yuen-Peng McNeice","alternative":"NA","creator":"Chua, Alvin","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Editor:Han, Jamie|Editor:Lim, Fiona","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"19/11/2014","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"Lady Yuen-Peng McNeice (also known as Lady Percy McNeice), née Loke Yuen Peng (b. 1917, Kuala Lumpur, Malaya–d. 3 June 2012, Singapore), was a nature conservationist, avid photographer, social worker and philanthropist. Born the daughter of Malayan tycoon Loke Yew and the sister of film magnate Loke Wan Tho, she later became the wife of the first president of Singapore’s City Council Sir Percy McNeice. A benefactor and patron of various nature conservation and wildlife causes, Lady McNeice was noted for her contributions to the Singapore Botanic Gardens.","table_of_contents":"[Lady Yeun-Peng McNiece] -- Early life -- Postwar life and social work --  Nature conservation -- Photography -- Legacy -- Family -- References.","subject_lcsh":"NA","subject_singheritage":"Personalities {18336114}|Nature and Environment {18486470}|Community and Social Services {18486492}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia {10126}","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":86,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=c9b5cbbf-847e-4dcb-8453-b776df37c857","identifier_uuid":"c9b5cbbf-847e-4dcb-8453-b776df37c857","title":"Felling of the Chengal Pasir tree","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"NA","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"6/3/2015","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"A Chengal Pasir tree near Halton Road in Changi was felled by DTZ Debenham Tie Leung Property Management Services (DTZ) on 20 November 2002. The tree was believed to be the last of its species in Singapore. DTZ was found guilty of illegally felling the tree and was fined S$8,000 as well as ordered to pay a compensation of S$76,035 to the state. Logs from the felled tree were salvaged from a sawmill and turned into nine sculptures that were subsequently adopted by the Singapore Zoo.","table_of_contents":"[The felling of the Chengal Pasir tree] -- Discovery of the tree -- Felling of the tree -- Aftermath -- A new lease of life -- References.","subject_lcsh":"NA","subject_singheritage":"Nature and Environment {18486470}|Events {18455339}|Nature conservation {18336476}|Plants {18336144}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":87,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=ca0c2481-db15-4f2a-83a9-e1683a624798","identifier_uuid":"ca0c2481-db15-4f2a-83a9-e1683a624798","title":"Sunda pangolin","alternative":"NA","creator":"Chew, Valerie","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"NA","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"12/2/2009","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"The Sunda pangolin (scientific name: Manis javanica) is a scaly anteater that is found in Singapore and various other parts of Southeast Asia. It is a land mammal but has often been mistaken to be a reptile because of its scale-covered body. A shy and solitary animal, it is considered to be facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild in Singapore and has been classified as “critically endangered” in the Singapore Red Data Book (2008), which lists the threatened plants and animals in the country.","table_of_contents":"[Sunda pangolin] -- Description -- Diet -- Habitat -- Distribution -- Threats -- Conservation -- Sightings -- Variant names -- References -- Further readings.","subject_lcsh":"Pangolins--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Wildlife {18486471}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia {10126}|NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"All Rights Reserved. National Library Board Singapore 2009.","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":88,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=cb7e9555-c32c-4380-9bd2-0cd66d496d3e","identifier_uuid":"cb7e9555-c32c-4380-9bd2-0cd66d496d3e","title":"Angsana","alternative":"NA","creator":"Nureza Ahmad","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Tan, Bonny","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"11/3/2004","has_part_uuid":"1a7e6084-9392-4bd2-8f9e-cce27a1e1e38","description":"NA","abstract":"Introduced into Singapore in the early 19th century, the Angsana tree (Pterocarpus indicus) belongs to the family Fabaceae/Leguminosae (Papilionoideae). Its fast growth and dense, wide-spreading crown has made the Angsana a popular shade tree in Singapore.","table_of_contents":"[Angsana] -- Origins and distribution -- Description -- Usage -- Variant Names -- References -- Further Readings.","subject_lcsh":"Pterocarpus--Singapore|Trees--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Plants {18336144}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":89,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=ceaba5fc-6f0e-4ee8-a252-66e973da7821","identifier_uuid":"ceaba5fc-6f0e-4ee8-a252-66e973da7821","title":"Papaya","alternative":"NA","creator":"Dass, Annalisa","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Tan, Bonny","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"3/2/1999","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"The papaya (Carica papaya) is widely distributed in most tropical countries and islands, where it thrives in the warm climate. Papaya plants are extremely common in Singapore and are often cultivated in private gardens. In 1993, special stamps featuring the papaya, amongst other local fruits, were issued as part of the Singapore Philatelic Bureau’s Nature Series – Local Fruits.","table_of_contents":"[Papaya] -- Origins and distribution -- Description -- Usage and potential -- Variant names -- References.","subject_lcsh":"Papaya|Tropical fruit--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Plants {18336144}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":90,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=cfc0035c-4734-4d26-8fe1-8f0c6a9e1e6c","identifier_uuid":"cfc0035c-4734-4d26-8fe1-8f0c6a9e1e6c","title":"Active, Beautiful, Clean Waters (ABC Waters) Programme","alternative":"ABC Waters Programme","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"NA","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"21/8/2019","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"The Active, Beautiful, Clean Waters (ABC Waters) Programme was launched in 2006 by PUB, Singapore’s National Water Agency, with two objectives in mind: to improve water quality, and enhance liveability. It aims to transform Singapore's canals, rivers and reservoirs into beautiful recreational spaces where people can be close to water and naturally become stewards of the waterways and waterbodies. As of June 2017, PUB has completed 36 ABC Waters projects across Singapore.","table_of_contents":"[Active, Beautiful, Clean Waters Programme] -- Background -- Building up to the launch of the ABC Waters Programme -- Implementation --Benefits of the programme -- References -- Further resources","subject_lcsh":"Water-supply--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Domestic policy (Water Resource Management) {18336186}|Nature and Environment {18486470}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":91,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=d0c3e074-56d6-4b79-b05b-57e8b1a12fe3","identifier_uuid":"d0c3e074-56d6-4b79-b05b-57e8b1a12fe3","title":"White-collared kingfisher","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Chew, Valerie","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"8/2/2006","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"The white-collared kingfisher (Todiramphus chloris) is one of eight documented species of kingfishers in Singapore. It is commonly spotted in mangrove and coastal areas, gardens and parks. \r\n\r\nThis kingfisher species was featured on the Bird Series S$10 currency notes issued by the Monetary Authority of Singapore between 1976 and 1984. It was featured again in 2001 when Singapore Mint launched the Bird Series CashCards to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the actual currency notes. It was also featured on various stamps such as the 35-cent stamp in the Birds series (1975), the S$1 stamp in the Wetland Wildlife series (2000), the 5-cent stamp in the Pond Life series (2011), and the $1.10 stamp in the Gardens by the Bay series (2012).","table_of_contents":"White-collared kingfisher] -- Description -- Reproduction -- Diet -- Distribution and habitat -- Variant names -- References -- Further resources","subject_lcsh":"Kingfishers--Singapore|Birds in numismatics","subject_singheritage":"Wildlife {18486471}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia {10126}|NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":92,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=d1baa5b3-84e6-42b3-83d0-5c16c64faad2","identifier_uuid":"d1baa5b3-84e6-42b3-83d0-5c16c64faad2","title":"Otters","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"NA","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"25/10/2022","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"Otters are from the Lutrinae subfamily, a branch of the Mustelidae family whose other branches include weasels, badgers and minks.  Otters have long sleek bodies suited for hunting fish, crustaceans and shellfish along the coast and in rivers and other water bodies.  The two otter species found in Singapore – the small-clawed otter (Aonyx cinerea) and the smooth-coated otter (Lutrogale perspicillata) – have crossbred.  Since the late 1990s, smooth-coated otters have been increasingly sighted along the northern coast of Singapore and in canals and rivers.","table_of_contents":"[Otter] -- Description -- Diet and Habitat -- Reproduction -- Other Sightings -- Human Interactions -- Variant names -- Author -- References -- Further resource","subject_lcsh":"Aquatic ecology--Singapore|Otters--Infancy|Otters--Habitat|Otters--Behavior","subject_singheritage":"Nature and Environment {18486470}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"All Rights Reserved. National Library Board Singapore 2021.","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":93,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=d35cedf6-1471-4835-91c1-dc2b0f0d9f8b","identifier_uuid":"d35cedf6-1471-4835-91c1-dc2b0f0d9f8b","title":"Leopard cat","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"NA","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"17/4/2009","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"The leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) is a small, carnivorous mammal that looks like a domestic cat with a leopard-like coat. It is common in Asia but is considered a rare animal in Singapore, where it is believed to be the only remaining wild cat. It is classified as “critically endangered” in the 2008 edition of The Singapore Red Data Book, which describes the locally threatened flora and fauna.","table_of_contents":"[Leopard cat] -- Description –- Diet –- Habitat -- Distribution -- Threats -- Conservation -- Variant names -- References -- Further readings.","subject_lcsh":"Cats--Singapore|Rare animals--Singapore|Endangered species--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Wildlife {18486471}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia {10126}|NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"All Rights Reserved. National Library Board Singapore, 2021","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":94,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=d4ff4382-a730-44dd-a004-be87682f255c","identifier_uuid":"d4ff4382-a730-44dd-a004-be87682f255c","title":"Pulau Pawai","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Pak, Peter Yew Guan","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"2000","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"Pulau Pawai is an island located south-west of Singapore. Known as Alligator Island during colonial times, the island was described as having a conspicuous summit of about 147 ft, and was extensively fringed with coral reefs. A large reef found in 1946 separates Pulau Pawai and Pulau Sudong. The island’s land area has increased over the years – measuring 68.8 ha in 1980 and 111.9 ha in 2002.","table_of_contents":"[Pulau Pawai] -- Sea sports venue -- Coral reefs -- Fauna -- References.","subject_lcsh":"Islands--Singapore|Military training camps--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Military facilities {18567066}|Singapore offshore islands {18486578}|Islands {18336158}|Environmental protection {18336489}|Nature and Environment {18486470}|Plants {18336144}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia {10126}","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":95,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=db8c8bb5-87e0-4ed7-ae44-01ba28e79de8","identifier_uuid":"db8c8bb5-87e0-4ed7-ae44-01ba28e79de8","title":"Dugong","alternative":"NA","creator":"Chew, Valerie","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"NA","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"4/5/2009","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"The Dugong is a large marine mammal that belongs to the same mammalian order as manatees. The species in this order, known as Sirenia, are sometimes called sea cows and are thought to have evolved from an ancestor related to elephants. Found in the Indo-West Pacific region, Dugongs are believed to have spawned mermaid legends after sailors spotted them at sea and mistakenly identified them as half-fish/half-human creatures. Dugongs are considered highly endangered globally and The Singapore Red Data Book (2008) has classified them as “critically endangered” locally.","table_of_contents":"[Dugong] -- Description -- Reproduction -- Diet -- Distribution and habitat -- Reported encounters -- Threats -- Conservation -- Variant names -- References -- Further readings.","subject_lcsh":"Dugong--Singapore|Endangered species--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Wildlife {18486471}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia {10126}|NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"All Rights Reserved. National Library Board Singapore 2009.","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":96,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=dffa2769-f0ca-489b-b292-135a3c3a9fb1","identifier_uuid":"dffa2769-f0ca-489b-b292-135a3c3a9fb1","title":"Pineapple","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Tan, Bonny","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"15/10/2002","has_part_uuid":"7233b920-1345-47f5-8b52-465c42a34ded","description":"NA","abstract":"Ananas comosus is a fruit whose common name, pineapple, is derived from the Spanish word piña, which means “pine cone”. The pineapple’s scaly exterior was said by early travellers to bear a vague resemblance to pine cones. Its scientific name came from the Gaurani-Tupi Indians who called it nana.","table_of_contents":"[Pineapple] -- Origins -- Description -- Usage and potential -- Variant names -- References -- Further resources -- List of images.","subject_lcsh":"Pineapple--Singapore|Fruits--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Plants {18336144}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":97,"identifier_uri":"NA","identifier_uuid":"e145def4-0959-46a3-847e-a283051b41cf","title":"More than just a flower : the orchid’s manifold faces","alternative":"NA","creator":"Ang, Seow Leng","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"NA","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"2011-12","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"Article published in BiblioAsia, v. 7, issue 3 (Fourth quarter, 2011), p. 43-49.","abstract":"This article highlights the manifold faces of the orchid especially as it relates to Singapore. Singapore hosted the 20th World Orchids Conference from 13-20 November 2011. The Singapore Botanic Gardens pioneered orchid hybridisation and plays a vital role in orchid research and conservation. It also started the practice of naming new orchid hybrids after visiting VIPs and celebrities to promote goodwill with other countries. The RISIS orchids are well-known Singapore souvenirs. Singapore is the third largest exporter of quality cut-orchids in the world.","table_of_contents":"Parade of orchids -- Orchids : more than just a flower -– Singapore Botanic Gardens : the powerhouse for orchid hybridisation research -- Saving native orchids --  A symbol of Singapore -- Orchid diplomacy -– A pot of gold? -- Endnotes -– Bibliography.","subject_lcsh":"Orchids--Singapore|Orchid industry--Singapore|Orchid culture--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Plants {18336144}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Publications>>BiblioAsia|NLB Collections>>Publications>>BiblioAsia {16180172}","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"All Rights Reserved. National Library Board Singapore 2011.","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":98,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=e69deb26-eaf2-41bd-85b8-b7c71cde1234","identifier_uuid":"e69deb26-eaf2-41bd-85b8-b7c71cde1234","title":"Rafflesia","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Tan, Bonny","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"1997","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"The Rafflesia is one of the world’s largest flowers and belongs to the family Rafflesiaceae. The plant family Rafflesiaceae has eight genera that include the genus Rafflesia. Rafflesia arnoldi, which can grow up to 150 cm in diameter, is the largest flower in the world. It was discovered by Sir Stamford Raffles and Dr Joseph Arnold on 19 May 1818.","table_of_contents":"[Rafflesia] -- Origin and distribution -- Description -- Usage and potential -- Variant names -- Species of Rafflesia -- References.","subject_lcsh":"Rafflesia--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Plants {18336144}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":99,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=e78ee7f1-dffd-4635-beb1-6388bdac466f","identifier_uuid":"e78ee7f1-dffd-4635-beb1-6388bdac466f","title":"Mandai Orchid Gardens","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"Pak, Peter Yew Guan","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"18/6/2001","has_part_uuid":"NA","description":"NA","abstract":"Mandai Orchid Gardens (MOG) was a commercial entity located at Mandai Lake Road. It was owned by Singapore Orchids Private Limited (SOPL), a worldwide exporter of cut flowers and live plants. Initially meant for growing and cultivating orchids, MOG was later transformed into a business entity and tourist attraction known for its beautiful orchids and tropical landscape. In 2011, the garden ceased operations upon the expiry of its lease, and the land was slated for development into a new tourist attraction.","table_of_contents":"[Mandai Orchid Gardens] -- History -- Management under the Edes -- Sale of the garden -- Management under Heah Hock Heng -- References.","subject_lcsh":"Gardens--Singapore|Orchids--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Nature Reserves {18487335}|Plants {18336144}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"NA","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."},{"_id":100,"identifier_uri":"https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=e90ec523-eacb-41ce-8575-5cf0e853f7ce","identifier_uuid":"e90ec523-eacb-41ce-8575-5cf0e853f7ce","title":"Tembusu","alternative":"NA","creator":"NA","creator_people":"NA","creator_people_cn":"NA","creator_orgs":"NA","creator_orgs_cn":"NA","creator_lcna":"NA","contributor":"NA","contributor_people":"NA","contributor_people_cn":"NA","contributor_orgs":"NA","contributor_orgs_cn":"NA","contributor_lcna":"NA","digital_publisher":"National Library Board Singapore","original_publisher":"NA","date_created":"25/6/2015","has_part_uuid":"26c7b861-a175-44a6-8f87-1c4552f5bee7","description":"NA","abstract":"The tembusu (Cyrtophyllum fragrans) is a hardwood tree native to Singapore, Southeast Asia and many parts of tropical Asia.","table_of_contents":"[Tembusu] -- Description -- Usage -- Tembusu tree icon -- Variant names -- Authors -- References -- Further resources.","subject_lcsh":"Trees--Singapore|Loganiaceae--Singapore","subject_singheritage":"Nature and Environment {18486470}|Heritage and Culture {18336130}|Plants {18336144}","language":"eng","ispartof_collection":"NLB Collections>>Singapore Collection>>Singapore Infopedia","nlb_type":"Article {18335714}","rights":"All Rights Reserved. National Library Board Singapore 2015.","access_rights":"The information on this page and any images that appear here may be used for private research and study purposes only. They may not be copied, altered or amended in any way without first gaining the permission of the copyright holder."}],"_links":{"start":"/api/action/datastore_search?resource_id=d_770b024d6771a978f69037b6203fdcfa","next":"/api/action/datastore_search?resource_id=d_770b024d6771a978f69037b6203fdcfa&offset=100"},"total":3556}}